Kunjani Ukukhetha Iswithchi Gera Lokusebenza Ngokwemithombo Elinganiselwe?

Ukuziqonda Amavolthi Weshayishi Kanti Ulandele Okufakiwe

Amathuba weshayishi ngokuvolthi (phansi, phakathi, phezulu)

Umhlaba wokugcina umtheleli wesiseko seyisithuthiwa kuhlanganisa izigaba ezahlukene zovoltaji, ngalunye lwenziwe ngokuthatha inkinga ethile kuqondiso lwesikhashana. Okuqukethwe kwivolthiji phansi, okwenzekayo konke okungenakho 1 kV, kuthatha inkinga yezinto njengezikhungo zokulawula imoto nezibhodi eziphakeme esenzeka sibonakala konke okunye. Kanti kunezinto zovoltaji omubi uzivela ku-1 kV kuze kube ngu-52 kV. Lezi zinhloso zithatha inkinga yamandla aphelele kakhulu futhi zinikeza izinkumbulo ezibalulekile kuzintolo zokwakha. Kumaqondo aphathekayo amandla aphelele kakhulu, izixhobo zovoltaji phezulu zifaka phakathi kwezimali ezingaphezu kuka-52 kV. Lezi zilungiselelo zikugcina amandla amakhulu kakhulu kanye nokuxhasa iziseko kumathuba afuna amandla kakhulu. Ukufunda lezi zigaba akuyona kuphela ukwazi okuqondile kodwa kwenza uhlelo olubalulekile xa ukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kuzilungiselelo ezifaneleyo kuzinkinga ezahlukene zokuphatha isithuthi.

Ukuhlola izidingo zesistimu yesithuthi (ivoltaji, ihhayipha, izihlamo zomlando)

Kubalulekile ukuthola izikhathi ze-electrical ngcono xa ukhetha iswitchgear yonke into ekufakweni. I-voltage ye-system ibonisa kithi loo nto esidingayo yokulungiswa, futhi izilinganiso ze-current zisiza ekubaleni amandla okunakelela nezinto ezifanele ekulindelweni. Kanti-ke kunehhovu yokulayisha okufanele kube yizilinganiso. Izilayisho eziyinkimbini, eziphathelene noma eziphinde zibukeka ngendlela eyahlukene ngemva kokugqamisa futhi ziyenzela indlela ekusebenzisana ngayo izilawuli. Abaphathwayo basebenzelo kumele bahlola ngokucophelela izinto ezifana nokuthintana kwe-harmonic, le current ephakeme kakhulu xa izixhobo ziqala ukusebenza, nokulinganiso konkululeko konguquko ngokuphelele ngoba lezi zinto zinezinhliziyo eziphathelene ngokushesha switchgear iphele indlela futhi ubude bengena phansi kabusha.

Ukufaka izilinganiso ze-switchgear ngokulinganayo nezilayisho ze-industrial (voltage, short-circuit, current)

Kukhona indima ephakeme ekufuneka ukuthi izilinganiso zibe yimali ukuze kugcinwe ubuchwepheshe besiseko futhi kuhlinzekwe ubomi bethu bonke emkhakheni. Xa kubhekwa izilinganiso ze-voltage, kumele zilandelwe ngaphezulu kwalokho okutholakala ngokuvamile kusistemu, ngokuvamile ngaphaya kuka-10 kuze kube kuya kuma-15% ekugcineni inqanaba lokungahambeki kakhulu lama-voltage amathathu okwenzeka njalo. Kukulungiswa kwezixwayiso zokudonsa, iziqinisekiso kumele zilindele wonke umthwalo othile owasingelwa. Abasebenzisi abaningi babonakala bathola ukuthi uma izilungiso zihlanganiswe ngendlela efanelekileyo, sibona izimo ezihlukahlukene ezinezizathu eziphazanyayo eziningi kunesithupha esiphindaphindwa kangaka kuzo zonke izimo apho izilinganiso azifani. Futhi masikhumbule futhi izilinganiso zomthwalo ozimame ngezinsuku. Kumele zilindele imisebenzi yokuphatha ngemini nangazo zonke izikhathi ezingavunyelwanga apho umthwalo uphinde phezu kwesikhathi. Indiza yonke ikhula kuyishiyela into ejwayelekile ngama-125% kuze kube kuya kuma-150% wezilinganiso zakho ezikwamaxabisweni akho ukuze uhlinzeke.

Ukuthintana kwezindleko nezidingo ezinezimo eziphakeme kumsebenzi weshidi

Xa izindlela zokusebenza kwezimali ziphazanyika, zenzela isimo esibi kwi-switchgear ngokulinganayo kakhulu ngokusebenza kwayo nokudala. Uhlobo lwe-cyclical loading esibona kuphela kwizindawo zokwakha lubangela ukuthutha okuphazanyayo nokunyukela kwamanye amaphakhezi, okuyenza kube yisimo esihlukileyo kunemva yokusebenza ngokuvamile. Ngexesha le-peak demand, i-interruption capabilities ziqaleka ngcono, ikakhulukazi xa i-motors iqala ukutsala i-currents ezinokuthi ziyekelengele ku-6 times endiza zisebenzisa ngokugcina phakathi komgama. Kwiziko elixhaswayo ngale ndlela enkulu, kufuneka kwenzeke ukufaka i-cooling solutions eziphucule. Kunezinye i-switchgear options ezirhathelwa kumaxesha aphezulu anjalo, ngoba kukhusela ukuba kube yisimo esiphucule ngexesha apho umthengiso uphazanyika ngokuphambene.

Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-AIS ne-GIS Switchgear: Ukusebenza, Indawo, Nezinto Ezibandakanya Umoya

Izilinganiso phakathi kwe-AIS ne-GIS switchgear

Okwenzeka ngokuphambene kwe-Air-Insulated Switchgear (AIS) kusuka ku-Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS) kukhona umsebenzi wabo wokuhlukanisa nokuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini ngokusebenza kwabo. Ngaphakathi kwe-AIS, amahlaya angcono ayasebenza njengoko hlukanisa, ngakho-ke kudingeka kube khona indawo enkulu phakathi kwezinto zonke, okwenza izinhlelo zibe zikhulu futhi zivulwe ukuze abantu bakhone. Ngokuphambene, i-GIS isebenza ngamahlaya aqhubekayo angaphandle kuka-sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) noma ezintandazayo ezintsha ezigcwele. Le mahlaya ahlinza kakhulu ekugcineni izindlela zezinhlelo kodwa kudingeka kugcinwe kumkhumbi ongcwele. Ngakho ke, i-GIS ingasebenze kahle kangaka uma imizamo ivala kakhulu noma ikhathaza kakhulu embonweni yezindawo zomphakathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-AIS ishaya uma kufanele kubukekwe ngobuchwepheshe ngemva kokulunga okujwayelekile ngoba zonke izinto ziyaphakeme phambi kwabasebenzi abangakwazi ukubuka izinkinga ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuthi kumele sebenzise amakhanda.

Uhlukaniso olisekelwe ekugcineni (AIS, GIS, OIS, VIS) nokusebenzisa kwazo

Uhlukaniso lwezinhlelo zokugaya kubangelwa khona ngendlela yokuqinisa, nokho kunezinketho ezahlukene okufaneleke kakhulu ekwenzekeni kwezimali. Ngaphandle kwe-AIS ne-GIS, kukhona futhi i-Oil-Insulated Switchgear (OIS) eyisebenzisa mineraleyi yokuxwaya ukuba iyinxalenye ekuphakameni kakhulu. Kanti na kune Vacuum-Insulated Switchgear (VIS) eyisebenzisa izishayamazwi zomoya kuze kube yisikhathi esanele ekuphakameni kancane. I-Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS) isandulela ikhetho elihle uma kunezindawo eziningi ezenzulwini. Kodwa uma indawo ibukeka encane noma imizimba ibukeka njengasezindweni noma emasimini amaningi, i-GIS ihlala ihlangabezana kangcono. Izixhobo ze-OIS zibonakala kakhulu emaphrojekthi enkulu yokuthumela umshimba. Kwemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukuguquka kancane, i-VIS ihlala ikhetho elihle ngoba ilungiselela kuphela futhi inika amathuba amancane kakhulu kunazo zonke ezinye izinketho.

Ukungaqondakali kwezindawo kanye nezimo zezenzono kuzindlela yokufaka

Xa ukhetha izixhobo zokumisa umnyango, ukuthi kuthatha yini indawo kanye nokuthi kusebenza kanjani kwiizimo ezahlukeneyo kubalulekile kakhulu. Izixhobo ze-GIS zithatha indawo ephakathi kweyokungu-1/3 kuphela kwentlalela yezixhobo ze-AIS efanayo, okuthi kuthinta ukuthi zibe yinto eqhele kuzindawo ezimfushane njengezithuthi zomjondolo, emaphandleni, noma kuzindawo apho izilawuli zasekhaya zilungiselela indawo efakwanayo. Isakhiwo esivalekile sikhuselela kuzo zonke izinto eziphazanyayo—ukungqongwa, ukuchitha, ukuthi kuthathelwe yezimoto, kwaye ukuba kusebenza kuzizimo ezimbi. Kodwa, izixhobo ze-AIS zidinga indawo eninzi. Kwaye, kusebenza ngokunyanisekile kunge-GIS ngokuchitha, ngoko ke abantu abaninzi bakhetha i-AIS xa banezinyango ezininzi phandle kwaye abangahlali ngokuchitha kwezixhobo. Abaninzi baphetha oku kufanelekileyo kuzo zonke izimo zabo.

Isifundo seNtonga: Ukuthuthwa kwe-GIS kumathuba amanjengo zomjondolo kuzindawo zomjondolo ngokungaqondakali kwezindawo

Emhlabathini ohlinzekwa eBurgi, ukuguqula kuye teknoloji ye-GIS yekhombisa ukuthi kungakanani okufanele kuze kube khona ezindaweni ezigcinwe. Isifazwana saphakade izinkinga ekutholeni indawo engafanelekile futhi zihlanganisa nezidingo zezenzo eBurgini. Ngakho-ke banguqule isithuthi sakhe se-air insulated switchgear ngeyomkhumbi we-GIS. Kutheni? Bakhululeka indawo eqadingeka ngama-70%, kodwa bahlala nabantu abangaphezu kwesimo samandla akho. Kunye, ngoba i-GIS inamandla okugcina, akukho futhi amahhala angavamile ngenxa yezinkwa ephinde phansi emhlabathini noma umlilo ophuma kumthombo wamanzi ngeminyaka ethu. Amagunya wokulungisa ayasebenzisa amahora angaphansi kuka-40 ngonyaka ekulungiseni into eyayibiza kabusha. Kulabo bonke abasebenzi abadonsimbiyo ezingeni eliphakeme abaphulaphula ngokungabi khona kwezikhathi zokusebenza nokuphikisanayo komoya, lo msebenzi wokuzilondoloza ubonakalisa ukuthi i-GIS ibalulekile kangakanani manje.

Izici Zokuphepha Futhi Ukubophelela Kwizidingo Zezenzo

Izici ezibalulekile zokuphepha (ukungena kwegolide, umugqa odead, ukwahlukaniswa)

Iswitchgear yasebhakheni ngamanje inamandla okuphepha abalimi bengqondo ukuhlinzwa kwezimali. Ukusikwa okungena kwegolide kuyisisekelo sokuqhubeka—kuthintela lezi zigolide ezihlukile futhi zithumele endaweni eyodwa ukuze azilunge ngalapho. Lokhu kunciphisa izinyama ngaphandle kwemishilo. Kanti-ke kukhona futhi umugqa odead okuhlanjulula ukuthi akulwaleki ngezimo eziphileneyo. Kuningi nokuthi ukwahlukaniswa kwenziwa—lokhu kuhlukanisa izinxenye ezahlukene zomthetho ukuze uma isahluko sesinye sihlatshelwa, akunike amaphutha kuwo wonke umthetho. Lonke lo msebenzi wokuphepha waphindwe kabili wenza ukuphepha kubuhle kakhulu emakhaya apho izimoto zezinhloso zingaba yizinkinga eziphilayo kubo bonke abahlangene.

Ukulingana nokushwankathela imigomo emine (IEEE, ANSI, UL, IEC, NFPA, OSHA)

Ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zezimboni akuyona into ongakhetha kuyo lapho usebenzisa izinhlelo zokuxhuma. Ezimqoka yi-IEEE C37 ehlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokusebenza, i-ANSI ebhekene nokuhlolwa kwemishini, izitifiketi zokuphepha zokuphatha i-UL, i-IEC esebenza ekujwayelekile komhlaba wonke, i-NFPA 70E egxile kumaphrothokholi okuphepha emsebenzini, nemithetho ye-OS Ukulandela lezi ziqondiso kusho ukuthi igiya liyohlangabezana okungenani nemingcele eyisisekelo yokuphepha ngokuphathelene nezinto ezinjengamandla okuvikela ukuqhuma kwamandla, ikhono lokusingatha amaphutha kagesi angalindelekile nokusebenza okuthembekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinkampani zidinga amaphepha afanele abonisa ukuthi nazo ziye zahlangabezana nazo zonke lezi zindinganiso. Lolu hlu lwemibhalo alulona nje uhlelo lwezincwadi, empeleni lwenza ukuba imvume evela kuziphathimandla zendawo ihambe kahle futhi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umshwalense uyadingeka ngaphandle kokulibaziseka okungadingekile.

Ukuqondisa ukuhambisana komhlaba wonke nokwezifunda emisebenzini yamazwe amaningi

Ukuzisa imisebenzi emazweni amaningi kuthatha izinkinga zalo xa kusekelwa kumthethosilo ohluke phakathi kwemibuso. I-IEC standards isebenza njengesahluko esibambene, kodwa indlela etheni ayasebenzisa khona ihluke kakhulu ngokwehla. eNorth America, izindawo zonke ezizimele kufanele zilandele amathuba ase ANSI/IEEE kunoma yimuphi umthetho wendawo ofakiweyo. e-Europe, izinkampani zihamba nge-IEC standards futhi, nakuba ngamunye umzwe ungaqeqa ngokwalo. Ngoba kule mihlono, ukukhetha i-switchgear enempela kuyindlela. Izixhobo ezisebenza kahle emangwini ayikho angavalela ekhuleni elinye. Lokhu kusondela kakhulu izinkampani ezide kubamba igazi futhi zisebenzise amathuba aphelele kuzo zonke izindawo zomsebenzi. Kuhle, kuthinta imali kangakanani kuqala, kodwa kususa ixesha elide kanye nezingcinga eziphazanyayo ebusuku ngaphandle kokuthi kunezinkinga zokulandela ezithile.

Ukumisela Kwezinhlelo Nezinqubo Zokusebenza Kweswitchgear Ukuthembeka Kokuqaleka

Ukumisa isithunzi esingu-Switchgear ngendlela efanele kuyenza yonke into phakade uma kufanele kube yimali imisebenzi ebandakanyekayo. Izikhala eziningi ziyasebenzisa i-Ring Main Units (RMUs) xa zidinga okukhangelene ngezici zokudiliva. Iziphawu zokususa zihambelana nezifaniwa futhi njengoba zisetshenziswa ukulunga kakhulu ngaphandle kokuvula konke. Kanti kanjalo kukhona igcobo elijwayelekile lezinhlelo zezinhlangothi, okungaba khona kungenza kube yini ububi bokusebenza nokuthi kungafakwanga kangakanani uma kunezidingo ezintathu. Isimemezelo sikhethe isiphumo sibonakalayo ngokuthi kunezinto ezahlukene ezinikwa ngokwahlukaniswa kwemfanelo, ukuthi kutholakala kanjani kuzidingo ezingeneyo ekhaya, nokuthi kusetshenziselwa kanjani indawo eyatholakala emkhumbini ongcolile we-electrical.

Izinhlelo eziphambene (RMU, ukususa, ukumisela kwezinhlangano, izigaba zokufinyelela)

Ama-RMU athola indawo yawo ezindaweni eziningi eziphakathi kwamandla kagesi ngoba ahlanganisa ukusebenza okuningi kakhulu endaweni encane futhi agcine amandla egeleza ngokuqhubekayo kulezo zinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe. Ukwakheka kokudonsa kuyathandeka ngempela ngoba kuvumela ochwepheshe ukuba bakhiphe iziphazamisi kanye nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene ukuze benze umsebenzi wokulungisa ngaphandle kokuvala konke okunye. Lokhu kusho ukusebenza okuphephile ngokujwayelekile nesikhathi esincane sokuphumula lapho kukhona okungahambi kahle. Lapho sibheka izinketho zebhasi, ngokuvamile kukhona indlela eyodwa noma ehlukanisiwe. Lezi zilungiselelo ezihlukene zithinta indlela ugesi osakazwa ngayo kuyo yonke iyunithi nokuthi kwenzekani lapho kunamaphutha. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amaphuzu okufinyelela anhlobonhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: ngaphambili kuphela, ngemuva kuphela, noma ezinhlangothini zombili. Ukukhetha phakathi kwazo kuncike ngempela lapho kukhona khona isikhala nokuthi hlobo luni lomsebenzi olwenza umqondo ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko (iziphazamisi zesekethe, ama-relay, izixhumi zokuxhuma)

Enhliziyweni yawo wonke ama-switchgear sithola izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko ezisebenza ndawonye. Okokuqala kukhona iziphazamisi ezihloselwe ukuvala ugesi lapho kukhona okungahambi kahle kugesi. Khona - ke ama - relay avikelayo asebenza njengezigcini eziqapha noma yini engavamile ohlelweni ngaphambi kokuba athumele izimpawu zokuvala izinto ngokuphepha. Ekugcineni, izixhumi zokuxhuma zivumela ochwepheshe ukuba bahlukanise izingxenye ngesandla lapho kudingeka ukuze zilungiswe noma zigcinwe. Zonke lezi zingxenye zidinga ukuhlolwa okufanele ngokuya ngokuthi zingase zibhekane namazinga ombane anjani kanye nama-short circuit angenzeka phakathi nokusebenza. Uma ingalingani kahle, ukwehluleka kwemishini kungenzeka ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezivamile. Ukuthola isikhathi esifanele phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene nakho kubalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-relay avikelayo asabela ngokushesha ngokwanele uma kuqhathaniswa nesivinini sokusebenza kwama-circuit breakers kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka okungahleliwe futhi kuvikela imishini ebizayo ekulimaleni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinhlobo zezikhawu zokuhlukanisa izifunda kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqedwa kwe-arc

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezikhawu ezimakethe kulezi zinsuku, njengomoya, i-vacuum, nalabo abagcwele igesi i-SF6, bonke basebenza ngendlela ehlukile uma kuziwa ekuvimbeleni ama-arc kagesi. Abantu abaningi bakhetha ama-vacuum breaker lapho besebenza nezinto eziphakathi kwamandla kagesi ngoba amisa ama-arc ngokushesha futhi awadingi ukugcinwa kakhulu. Izindawo eziphakeme zomoya zivame ukusebenzisa amamodeli e-SF6 ngoba igesi inikeza ukuvikela okuhle ngokumelene namaphutha kagesi. Ezinye izinhlelo ezintsha zifaka izinto ezinjengama-actuator kazibuthe noma amakamelo akhethekile abeka ama-arc ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lezi zinguquko empeleni zenza umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke, zinciphisa ukugqwala kwezingxenye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zinciphise kakhulu ingozi yokuqhuma kwe-arc okuyingozi okungalimaza imishini nokulimaza abasebenzi.

Ukuthambekela: Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-smart relay kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezidijithali

Imishini eminingi yokudlulisela ukwaziswa manje ifaka ama-relay ahlakaniphile kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezidijithali ezinikeza opharetha ulwazi olusheshayo lokuthi izinto zisebenza kanjani, ukuthi ziphatha miphi imithwalo, ngisho nesimo sezinto zokuvikela. Lokhu okungeziwe kwezobuchwepheshe kwenza kube lula ngempela, kusiza ukubikezela ukuthi isondlo singadingeka nini, kunciphise ukuhluleka kukagesi okungalindelekile, futhi kuvumele ochwepheshe basebenze kude ngaphandle kokuthi bahlale bekhuphukela emshinini oyingozi. Izitshalo ezishintshele kulolu hlobo lokufakwa kwedijithali zivame ukubona ukwanda okungama-30% ekutheni zingakwazi kanjani ukulungisa izinkinga ngokushesha kanye nokuphathwa kahle kwamandla jikelele. Kubaphathi bezakhiwo ababheka isithombe esikhulu, ukutshala imali kwezobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile akuyona nje ukugcina izibani zivuliwe kuba okubalulekile ekugcineni imisebenzi ethembekile unyaka nonyaka.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindleko Zokuphila Nenani Lesikhathi Eside Ekuthengeni Izinsimbi Zokuxhuma

Izindleko ezihlukanisiwe: Ukuthenga kokuqala, ukufakwa, ukugcinwa, umjikelezo wokuphila

Xa kubhekwa izindleko zomphakathi wokusebenza kweswitchgear yasezindustri, kukhona kancane amaziko amane makholo okufundisa. Okokuqala kungumthengo wokuthenga, emva koko ukufaka futhi ukuvikela konke kusebenze ngempumelelo, kulandela ukulungiselela nokusebenzisa izindleko ezihlwa ngexesha, futhi ekugcineni kungukuthi kusenzekani xa kufuneka kucindezelwe noma kubuyiselwe igxobo. Abantu bathanda kakhulu ukugcina isimo sobuchwepheshe kodwa ukufaka lezi zigaba, ikakhulu kuzo zonke iziseko zemoto ngevoltage phakade kuthatha kabusha kuya kuququkatha kanye noziphansi izigaba eziphakathi zezimali zomprojekthi wonke. Ukulungiswa kungaba yisikhathi esikhulu sokuphakamisa abantu ngoba kuguqula kangakanani khona ngonyaka. Izinkolo ezihlanjwayo zihlelekile zihamba ngama-2-3% yesilinganiso esifunyelwe ngalinye inyanga, ngaphandle kwalokho ukulungisa izinto emva kokuchithakala kuthinta kuya kuya ku 5 ku 10 okwengeziwe kunezindleko zokulungiswa ekhethiwe. Xa kubhekwa idatha yesiprojekthi, izindleko zokulungiswa nezokusebenzisa zibangela kancane amashumi amabili angu-2/3 yezindleko zonke ngeminyaka engu-20, lokhu kusho ukuthi izinqumo ezinhle zokulungiswa azizange zibe yizinto ezinzima kuphela kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu uma amakhampini athola indlela yokuthola imbali yabo yezimali ezenziwa ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukumelana: Ukusebenzisa umkhawulo wokunaka kwezimali (TCO) ekunqumeni

Lapho izinkampani zisebenzisa indlela ye-TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) yokuthenga imishini yokudlulisa, zisuka ezinqumweni ezilula zokusebenzisa imali zibheke kokuthile okuwusizo kakhulu mayelana nenani lesikhathi eside. Indlela ye-TCO ibheka ngale kwamashidi wezincazelo ngezinto ezinjengokuthi imishini izothembeka kangakanani usuku nosuku, uhlobo lwesondlo oludinga isikhathi, ukuthi isebenza kahle kangakanani, kanye nezindleko ezifihliwe lapho imishini yehluleka ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Izitshalo kudingeka zakhe izinhlobo zazo ze-TCO ezisekelwe ezintweni ezingokoqobo ezifana nezidingo zamandla phakathi kwemijikelezo, amazinga okushisa aphakeme lapho imishini ihlala khona, nokuthi abasebenzi bezokulungisa banezinto ezifanele zokulungisa yini. Ukubheka izinketho ze-switchgear ngale ndlela kwenza amabhizinisi akwazi ukuqhathanisa ama-apula nama-apula ngokwezimali. Okuhlaba umxhwele abaningi ukuthi ukuchitha imali eyengeziwe kusengaphambili ezintweni eziphambili kungonga imali ngoba lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile zidinga ukulungiswa kaningi, zisebenza kahle futhi zihlala isikhathi eside phakathi kokuthathelwa ezinye.

Indawo Yodatha: I-GIS inokuthola amahhala okuqala angaphezulu kuka-30% kodwa nokunciphisa kwamahhala ekugcineni kabusha kuka-40% ngeminyaka engama-20 (IEEE)

Ukubheka amahhala eswithchi esikhona ngaphandle kokuthinta kuphela kuyisikhathi esiqalayo kungasebenzi ngendlela ethembekile ngokwamanani wobumnyako. Kutholakala yi-IEEE ukuthi ngenkathi izinhlelo zeswithchi zokunquma kwegazi (GIS) zithola kancane amahhala okuqala angaphezulu kuka-30% kunazo ezinokunquma ngamahubo, zilahlekelana ngokuphelele kuka-40% kwezimali ekugcineni kabusha ngeminyaka eyishumi elishiyagalombili. Kungani? Ngoba i-GIS iyisistemu enomlilo ethunyelwe yatholakala kuzo zonke izinto zokholo, ikhulula izinkinga zokucindezeka, futhi kusho ukuthi abasebenzi bangadingi ukuvula kangakanani ukuze bakhethule. Abasebenzisa isifundazwe esinezinkinga zokukhathala kusuke bakathandabuzeka lokhu futhi ngoba i-GIS ichithe indawo encane. Kungeke kube nenkinga yokuhlukahluka futhi kunezinkinga ezingaphezu kakhulu. Konke lokhu kudibanisa kujika ukuthi izindleko zokufakwa kwi-GIS zingaba phansi kuka-25% kuze kube kuya kuma-35% noma kunjalo ihhala eliphezulu lapho kuthengiswa.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Kukhona kanjani amavoltaji amahlukahlukene kuswithchi sezindawo zokwenza?
Iswitchgear yasezindustriya isihlwayelwa ngokuphakathi kwevoltage njengevoltage ephezulu (kuya ku-1 kV), ivoltage ephezulu kancane (1 kV kuya ku-52 kV), ne-voltage ephezulu (ngaphezulu kuka-52 kV).

Uhlola kanjani izidingo zokuthi zingaba ngani kwezinhlelo zezinhlelo zokugcina?
Kubalulekile ukuzikhathala ivoltage yesimo ngokudinga kwezishwama, izilinganiso zokudla ngokulinganisa izihlwe, nezinhlobo zokulahla (ezivikela, ezivikela, ezivikela) ezifaka isiphazamiso nesimo sokulungisa.

Yiziphi i-AIS ne-GIS kwi-switchgear?
I-AIS ibalulekile kwi-Air-Insulated Switchgear, eyisebenzisa amahhala ngokushwama. I-GIS, ngokuphambene, isebenzisa amagasi njenge-SF6 ngokushwama, okunika izici ezilungile kakhulu zokushwama kumathuba ethunywa.

Kungani i-GIS ihlukaniswa emakhaya?
Izinhlelo ze-GIS zingamandla futhi zithunywa, zibangela ukuthi zibe yisiko emakhaya apho isikhala singancane futhi amathuba ayisinkinga, zibambelela ukuthintana kwezinye izinto zezinkangala.

Iswitchgear isebenzisa kanjani ukulungisa nokulungiswa?
Isitshalo sezikhululo samandla sifaka izici zokuphepha njengekhabhoni yesivumelwano, umthetho waphandle kwezikhululo, nokwahlukaniswa. Kuyaqinisekisa ukuthi kuyavumelana nezigaba ezifanayo ne-IEEE, ANSI, UL, IEC, NFPA, no-OSHA ukuze kuphile okuphephile.

Ukuthini Ukhethekiso Kwenzuzo (TCO) ku-switchgear?
I-TCO iyaziwa ngaphezu kwengcobo engcwele kodwa futhi nezinkinga ezifana nokulungiswa, ubushushu, nokuthauzwa kwezindleko, ekubophelela ekhethweni lwemali lelilanga elide.