Kunjani Okusebenzisa I-Ring Main Unit Ukuze Kunciphane Isayensi?

Ukuziqonda Indima Ye-Ring Main Units Kumanxusa Emtwala

Izinkokhelo nezindima ze-ring main units kumanxusa emtwala

I-Ring main units, noma kungcolwa ngokuthi RMUs, zisemthethweni yizigaba ezimfushane zezixhobo zokudlela eziphathelene nezibuko zezinhawu ezimeleyo, njengoko zisebenza phakathi kwe-6kV ukuya ku-24kV. Lo msebenzi wazo ngu-ukuphatha nokulungisa izindlela zezinhloso, futhi zivakala lezo zigaba ezidonsela ngokujikeleze ezenza amandla adlale indlela esikhundleni. Isihlomelo sabo sonke kukuvumela inhliziyo ukuthi iphinde indlela yangempela kusayithi. Ngakho-ke lapho kukhona indaba phakathi kwesiqendini, amandla ayishintsha indlela ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kwezinye iindlela ezingavumelekileyo, ekulungiseleni ukuphila okuphambene nokuphazanyiswa. Ngokwamashadi akamuva avela kwi-2024 Power Distribution Report, izibuko ezinamandla ezigxilwe kuma-RMUs azidlala ngaphezu kuka-40% ngaphansi kokudlala kwayo ngonyaka kuphela kuzo zodwa zezibuko eziphambene. Lokhu okuyinxenye yokulungile kuyakha kuba yinto engafunekiyo kulezo zinsuku zezibuko zezinhloso eziphathelene kakhulu.

Ukuthembekile kuma-RMUs ekulungiseni umandla ohlaziyako

I-RMUs sikhona ngokuphawula ukulungiswa kwezenzo zokudla ngokuthi kuyilwa izici zokuphepha ngezindlela ezinhle zokudonsa. Ngaphakathi kwalezi ziphakamiso, sithola izinto ezithile njengezinyikima zokudonsa komthwalo, izinyikima zokudonsa kumgodi, nezinyikima eziphazanyiswayo ezaqhubeka uma kukhona indawo ethile enobuthango ku- grid. Zidonsa iziqhamo eziphazanyisiwe kakhulu, ngasivinini phakathi kwe-100 kuya ku-300 milliseconds, okusondela kakhulu ukuthi kuthintelwe izinkinga ezincane ukuthi kungazange zibe yizinkinga ezinkulu kuyo yonke indawo. Uma kudonyelwa ngephethahudo yokubamba engenayo yokurhweba, le ndawo inika into abasebenzi bezibalo baziwa ngokuthi "N-1" isebenza. Kabanzi, kusho ukuthi inkolo isebenza noma uma cala elinye libilawa. Umsebenzi wokuguquka ngokuzenzekelayo uyagcwalisa kakhulu emakhaya apho amava akungenzeka. Fikira emathabeni ofuna izixhumanisi zokuphila, izinkundla zedatha ezihlenga ulwazi oluhlelekile, noma izithuthi ezisebenzisa izinhlelo zokudala ezingakwamukeli ukuthintana ngexesha lokuhlenga noma xa kungekho thixo.

Izicelo zamayunithi amakhulu endandatho emadolobheni, ezimbonini nasezinhlelweni zamandla avuselelekayo

I-RMUs zazifana kakhulu emakhaya, emkhumbini wasezindaweni zomphakathi, kanye namathuba okungenela amandla abuyekezwe ngokuthi zisebenzisa indawo encane futhi zenzeke ngendlela leminga. Amadulwa ayisebenzisa ukuphatha izinkomba zasezansi zamandla kanye nezindawo eziningi lapho izikhungo eziyisiseko azikwazi kufaka, ngelinye nje xa zihlala ziyahlanya kusizo esiphefumula kakhulu kumandla futhi zihlinze ukuthobeka kakhulu. Kumaqashi kanye namaphaktoli, lezi zinhlobo zinezinsiza kakhulu ngoba zihlawula izinkinga kahle kakhulu. Xa kunesidingo, i-RMUs inokuhlukanisa indawo yosizo ngokushesha, ukunciphisa isikhathi esingekhohlakali esilahlekayo ngamunye ngamnye kusuku, okusenjalo $740k njengoba kuboniswa ngu-Ponemon Institute. Okuthandwayo futhi kukuthi i-RMUs inzuzela kanjani ukungenela amandla abuyekezwe. Ihlinza uhlelo lwemvuselelo wamandla kusuka kumaphepha wesiliva kanye nezivumelwano ze-wind, ihlinza ukuthobeka kakhulu noma kuyiphutha into, ngokuthi inezici zokuphepha ezihle eziboniswe khona.

Umbuthano Osenzululwini Nenjongo Yomsebenzi Wokusebenza Kwe-Ring Main Unit

Izinqamuleli ze-Ring main units zisebenza ngokwesibonelo esihlolwe ngokuthi yisikhwama esigcwele, lokhu kusho ukuthi kudingeka kube khona umlando wokulethela amandla noma kunjalo kunezinkinga noma kususelwa phakathi kwenzululwini. Ukuphathelana okukhulu kulingana nokuziphatha kwe-radial systems kukuthi indiza iphinde iphinde ikhishwa. Kusikaqulusi sengxenye, inyaniso ingahlala ikhishwa ngendlela ephindaphinda. Xa iceli esithile sezululwini ishiya, leli qembu libekwa ngaphandle ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngasinye isikhathi, amandla aphepha kakhulu kubanye abaningi bezululwini ngokuthenga kwezivivinyo ezinezinhlelo eziphumelelayo. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kunciphise ubude bezinsuku ezingavunyelwa kubantu bempilo futhi kwenze izinxeleko zezinhlelo zezinhlelo ngokuvamile kakhulu kakhulu.

Ukuchazwa Kokunqama Okusebenzayo Kwesixoxo se-Ring Main Unit

Kukhona ukuthi kusebenza ngokujulile kuthatha izinkinga ngendlela eyayokuzenzela futhi kuzivale kabefore kuthi zibakhwe ngaphandle kwezinhlelo. I-relays zokuphepha zisebenza ngokuhlangana nezivivinyo zomugqa nezinyikelo ezithile ezibizwa ngama-load-breakers ngalokhu. Uma kuthenge kutheni kutheni kumugqa, ama-relays athumela amazwi ukuthi ivivinye izivivinyo ngaphakathi kwezikhathi ezimbili kuya kuthathu zomugqa wokudluliswa kwezinhlelo. Ngokushintjana, lezi zinyikelo zasectionalizing zifakelwa ukuze zilungise indlela abe kuyaphindaphindwa ngayo ukulungiselela kube khona kusuka endaweni enye yenkqubo. Amakhaya amanje amaningi akhona le ndlela yokuthinta kanye yokuthinta kakhulu kakhulu ngokushesha kwezinhlelo ze-SCADA ekuphathela konke emuva kwamava. Ngakho-ke, sibona ukuthi izikhathi ezivamile zokuphazamiseka kuleli nyaka zihluka phansi kusuku owodwa kuphela ezindaweni eziningi manje.

Izinto Ezikhethekileyo Zomugqa Ombhalo Futhi Iziphi Zazo

Izinto eziphakeme zifakela:

• Amabhreki Zokugcina Amaphrofayela ezivivinyela izikhathi zomthelelo ngokushesha futhi ngokuphepha
• Izinyikelo zokuthinta umthelelo ukuthutha izikhululo ezigcwele ngeminyaka yomthwalo wokuzenzakalela
• Ii-Busbars ezahlukanisa amandla phakathi kwezimali eziningi
• Izixhobo zokulungiswa ezohlola ivolthi, inhamkhwebo, nesikhashana ekubhekiseni ukuthi kususwa uma kubekhona izinkinga
• Isiciyeli nengozi ye-IP67, esinikeza ukuphepha okumehlo ngokuvamile kwindanda, umlilo, nokugcinwa komphakathi

Loo mehluko ihlanganisa ukuze ikhule indawo yokucopheleka engayiphindwa ngayo, efushane isikhathi sokuphazanyiswa kuze kube ngu-80% kunazo ezijwayelekile (IEEE 2022). Isakhiwo esitholakala futhi sinikeza ukunyuswa okufakwayo kusuka kuseto lwabili usuku lishiyagalombili njengoba kuthuthukisa isilinganiso.

Izinhlobo nezimodi zezikhululo ze-Ring Main: Ukuphepha nokuchungezela ifunkseni

Izinhlobo ze-RMUs ngegama lokuphepha: I-Gas-Insulated, I-Air-Insulated, I-Solid-Insulated, I-Hybrid

Uhlukaniso lwe-RMUs lukhokelela kakhulu kumongo wokunqamula, okufaka phakathi izidingo zokuphepha, amandla aphakeme nokuthi kuyini into engasebenzisa ngayo. I-Gas insulated RMUs, engabizwa ngokuthi i-GIS systems, ihlala isebenzisa i-sulfur hexafluoride noma izigasa ezinye ezifana nazo. Le misebenzi ikhulula kakhulu ekukhulenjiseni izivivane zezinhloso kanye nokuncipha kakhulu komkhawulo, kwenza kube yisikhetheka esihle kakhulu emadulwini lapho isikhala singaqedi. Ngokuphambene, izixhumanisi ezinokunqamula ngokomoya (AIS) zisebenzisa umoya wasehlabathini. Ngenhloso le, zingaba zinzima kakhulu kuqala kanti zilungile kakhulu ukuzihlela ngokushesha, kodwa zidinga isikhala esikhulu kakhulu ngemva kokufakwa. Izinketho zokunqamula ngokoyiko zisebenzisa izinto ezifana ne-epoxy resins noma i-polymers njengama-dielectrics. Le ndlela iyisusa konke okudingekayo mayelana nokuchithwa kwesigasa futhi ihlinzekela izinto ngokujwayelekile kakhulu ngokusebenza kwezimali. Abazalisi abaningi sasibala ukudala izinhlelo eziphathelene nezici eziningi zokunqamula. Le mlando ihlinzezela izici ezifana nokusebenza, izindleko, nezidingo zokuphila ngokudala ngokulinganayo ngokuthi izixhumanisi ziyobeka kanjani ngempela.

Ukumiswa Kwezinhlelo: RMUs Ezimbini, Zintathu, Zine, Nezinhlane

Indlela lezinhlelo zikhumulwa ngayo kuthinta kakhulu ukuthi ziphatha kanjani uma kushintshwa futhi kuthinta loo mlando wokuxhumana esebenzweni. Izixhumanisi ezimbini zisebenza ngokwesibonakaliso ekunxulumeni i-input kunye ne-output, okufaneleka kakhulu kuzindlela eziphambene zomthwalo ozinzileyo abantu abaningi bafundwa ngazo. Uma usondeza kumaqoshelo atholakala amaqoshelo amathathu noma mane, lokhu kuvula indlela kakhulu ngoba kungasebenze ngezitshalo eziningi noma izindawo ezahlukene zomthwalo njengengozi. Lokhu kukhuthaza izimo ezinxulumene ngokuphindwe futhi kwenza isayithimeli ibe yinkinga enobumbane kunazo zinye. Kanti-ke kukhona amaqoshelo ashumi amashumi ayishumi, aphinde aphinde izinto ngendlela efana naleyo. Lezi zixhumanisi ezinamandla anezikhungo eziningi ze-busbar, zidingeka kakhulu emakhospitalini noma emasething wenketha lapho ukusebenza kuyisigaba esibalulekile kakhulu. Uma ubumbane bubalulekile kakhulu, ukuthola ukumiswa okunembumba ukuze kuthintwe ngokushesha kuyinto ethinta umsindo.

Ukulinganisa Phakathi kwe-GIS ne-AIS Ring Main Units: Imisebenzi ngokuqhathaniswa Nokhokho

Xa khethekwa phakathi kwe-GIS ne-AIS RMUs, abasebenzisi kumele bahlale ngokulinganisa okusebenza kangcono kubo ngokuthile ngokuthi kufanele kube yini eyayinelimali. Inkqubo ye-GIS iyavuka ngokuba inemisebenzi engcono, ibeka indawo ephindwe kabili ngaphansi kokuthi kubonakala kakhulu kunamatholi, futhi ihlawula izinkinga zokudonsa kahle futhi isebenza ngeminyaka engaphezu kwalokho xa ikhona emthwini noma umlonyo. Kanti-ke kukhona into ethintekayo - lezi zinhlelo ziholela ngaphandle kwesibambi sokhokho se-AIS ekugcineni. Ngokuphambene, izixhobo ze-AIS zingcono ukusethelwa futhi zilungiselelwa ngendlela esodwa, kodwa zibeka indawo enkulu kakhulu futhi azikwazi ukusebenza kahle ngemva kokuthi zitholakala ezimfundeni eziphaphaziywayo. Abantu abaningi basebenzisa i-GIS emakhaya apholile kude lapho ngasinye isitsha singafanele, ngelixa izithalashi nezindlu zempahla ziyasebenzisa i-AIS ngoba azikho konke okuchazwe ngendlela yokukhokha.

Izindlela Ezizimelela Zama-Ring Main Units Ukuletha Umnyango Othembekile Nempumelelo

Ukunciphisa ukucishwa kwamandla kagesi nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamandla kagesi ngama-RMU

Ama-RMU anciphisa ukucishwa kukagesi ngoba angakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinkinga ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu. Lapho lezi zinkinga ziqedwa kusenesikhathi, kusiza ukugcina uhlelo lonke lusebenza kangcono ngoba kunamanani amancane okuwa kwamandla kagesi nokushaywa kukagesi okuphazamisa izinto. Ngokwezifundo zamuva ezivela emibikweni yokwethenjelwa kwenethiwekhi yonyaka odlule, amanethiwekhi ane-RMU ayenesikhathi sokuphumula esincane esingalindelekile esingu-40% uma kuqhathaniswa namalungiselelo amadala e-radial. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvelo yazo eyimodyuli isho ukuthi ochwepheshe bangalungisa izingxenye ezithile ngaphandle kokucisha izingxenye eziphelele zenethiwekhi. Lokhu kubaluleke ngempela ezibhedlela, ezikhungweni zedatha nakwezinye izindawo lapho ukunikezwa kukagesi okungapheli kungeke kuphazamiseke khona.

Amandla wokuphatha amandla kagesi kanye nomthwalo wama-RMU

Amayunithi Okuqapha Akude (RMUs) anamuhla akhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ngokulawula imithwalo ngendlela ehlakaniphile. Lezi zinhlelo zivumela opharetha ukuba baqondise amandla ngendlela enamandla, okusho ukuthi bangasabalalisa umthwalo womsebenzi phakathi kwabanikezeli abahlukene futhi bagweme ukuthi ama-transformer agcwale ngokweqile, okubangela ukulahlekelwa okuningi kwezobuchwepheshe emgqeni. Lapho imithwalo isatshalaliswa kahle kusetshenziswa ama-RMU, ukulahleka kukagesi kwehla cishe ngo-15% uma kuqhathaniswa nokufakwa okuqinile okudala. Enye inzuzo ivela emiklamweni ehlukaniswe negesi enciphisa ukulahleka kwalezi zilokazane ezicasulayo ngoba ukuhlukaniswa kusebenza kangcono kakhulu ngogesi. Zonke lezi zici zihlanganisiwe zisho izindleko eziphansi zezinkampani zezinsiza-kuhle nezimboni kuyilapho zenza wonke umsebenzi wazo usebenze kahle futhi uhlanzeke.

Amayunithi Omkhathi Omkhulu Wokuhlanganisa Amandla Wokuxhuma

Ama-RMU ahlakaniphile futhi anikwe amandla yi-IoT wokuqapha nokulawula kude

Ama-RMU ahlakaniphile anezinzwa ezihlanganisiwe nezici zokuxhuma eziqapha izinto ezinjengamanje yomthwalo, amazinga ombane, izinguquko zokushisa, nokuthi ukuhlukanisa kugcina kahle kangakanani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isici se-Internet of Things sisho ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zingakwazi ukubona izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe izinkinga ezinkulu. Ngokubheka amaphethini asemininingwane, babamba izimpawu zokuxwayisa zakuqala ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle, kungaba ukuchitheka kukagesi okuncane noma izingxenye ezifudumala ngokweqile. Okwenza la manani abe yigugu ngempela amakhono awo okulawula kude. Kunokuba bathumele ochwepheshe njalo lapho kunenkinga, opharetha bangalungisa inethiwekhi besekude noma banqamule amandla ezingxenyeni ezonakele ngokushesha. Lokhu konga isikhathi nemali kuyilapho kugcina isimiso sisebenza kahle ngisho nalapho kuvela izinkinga ezingalindelekile.

Amayunithi amakhulu okuzenzakalelayo okuzungeza nokuhlanganiswa kumagesi edijithali nahlakaniphile

Ama-RMU azenzakalelayo asebenza njengezingxenye ezihlakaniphile emagrids anamuhla edijithali, axhuma nezinhlelo ze-DMS ne-SCADA ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Lezi zinsimbi zixhumana emuva naphambili ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano ezithile, okuvumela opharetha ukuba balawule indlela ugesi ogeleza ngayo emgqeni, basebenze nemithombo ehlukahlukene yamandla esakazeke kuwo wonke umzila, ngisho nokwenza ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo lapho kuvela izinkinga. Ukuzenzakalela kuyaqhubeka kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi izinqubo ze-FDIR zokuthola amaphutha, ukuwahlukanisa ngokushesha nokubuyisela inkonzo. Lapho kukhona okungahambi kahle engxenyeni ethile yenethiwekhi, lezi zinhlelo zingaqondisa kabusha amandla ngemizuzwana embalwa nje ukuze amakhasimende amaningi angabi nokuvinjelwa nhlobo phakathi nalezo zenzakalo.

Isifundo secala: Ukuqaliswa kwama-RMU ahlakaniphile ku-microgrid yasemadolobheni

Isinyathelo samanje se-microgrid yasemadolobheni sashintsha imishini emidala yokudlulisa nge-RMU yesimanje enezinzwa zokushisa, amandla okuqapha ukukhishwa okuyingxenye, nokuxhumeka kwezingcingo. Ngemva kokufaka lezi zinhlelo ezintsha, imiphumela yaba mihle kakhulu: ukuphazamiseka kwahlala isikhathi esincane ngo-45% kunangaphambili, kuyilapho izindleko zokugcinwa kwezinto zehla cishe ngo-30%, ikakhulu ngenxa yalezi zici zokuxilonga eziqagelayo. Ukugeleza kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukulinganisela imithwalo ngamandla lapho isidingo sikhuphuka, kugcine ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kusebenza kahle futhi kugcine ivolthi engaguquguquki kuyo yonke inethiwekhi, ngokwemvelo okwenza konke kuhambisane nemithetho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Liyini i-Ring Main Unit (RMU)?

I-Ring Main Unit (RMU) iyunithi ye-switchgear compact ebalulekile ekuphatheni nasekuvikeleni izifunda zikagesi ngaphakathi kwamandla aphansi kagesi. Zenza kube lula ukuthola amandla ngenye indlela ngokusebenzisa indlela yokwakha indandatho, okwenza ukuba uhlelo luthembeke futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokuphumula.

Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-RMU?

Izakhi eziyinhloko zama-RMU zihlanganisa iziphazamisi zesekethe, izixhumi zokuphula umthwalo, ama-busbar, ama-relay avikelayo, nezindawo eziqinile. Lezi zinto zisebenza ndawonye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlukaniswa okusheshayo kwamaphutha nokusabalalisa amandla ngendlela ephumelelayo.

Ama-RMU awuthuthukisa kanjani ukuthembeka kokuphakelwa kukagesi?

Ama-RMU ahlanganisa izici zokuvikela namakhono okuvula ahlakaniphile, asekela ukuhlukaniswa kwephutha okuzenzakalelayo futhi anikeza ukuthembeka kwe-N-1. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla aqhubeka ekhona ngisho noma ingxenye eyodwa yesistimu ihlangabezana nenkinga.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-GIS ne-AIS RMU?

Ama-RMU agesi-avinjelwe (i-GIS) asebenzisa igesi efana ne-sulphur hexafluoride ukuze avikele, enikeza ukuqina nokuphatha amaphutha aphezulu kodwa ngezindleko eziphakeme. Ama-RMU agqokwa umoya (AIS) asebenzisa umoya wasemkhathini, athengeka kakhulu kodwa athatha isikhala esiningi.

Ama-RMU ahlakaniphile ahlanganiswa kanjani namagridi anamuhla?

Ama-RMU ahlakaniphile anezinzwa nokuxhuma okuvumela ukuqapha nokulawula okukude. Zihlanganiswa ngokukhululekile nezinhlelo ze-digital grid, okwenza kube lula ukuthola amaphutha, ukuhlukanisa nokubuyisela isevisi ngokuzenzakalelayo.