Isibonelo sezinkundla: Amasulwa okuhlanganisa umkhosi wokusebenza kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla esihlangu

Isibayi Sokugcina Ngokwesifundo Sokuthuthukisa Ukugcina Kwemithombo Yomthelelo Wokuphatha Kwezinsiza

Kungani Isibayi Sokugcina Sisigcina Kusuka Kuqondi Lokho Okungakwazi Ukuthi Kuyisibayi Sokugcina Kusukela Kusibayi Sokugcina Esinamandla

Iziteshi zokuxhuma zazivame ukuba izindawo ezingasebenzi lapho amandla kagesi ayeguqulwa khona, kodwa izinto sezishintshe kancane muva nje. Manje seziphenduka amaphuzu asebenzayo okuhlanganiswa, aphatha lezo zinhlelo ezimbili zamandla ezivela kuwo wonke amapaneli elanga kanye nama-turbine omoya asakazekile. Kungani? Imithombo evuselelekayo isivele yenza cishe amaphesenti angu-30 kagesi emhlabeni ngokusho kombiko we-International Energy Agency wangonyaka odlule, futhi lesi sibalo siyaqhubeka sikhula njengoba izifunda eziningi zixhuma le mithombo yamandla aluhlaza emgqeni wazo. Imiklamo yanamuhla yeziteshi eziphansi ifakwe izinhlelo ezingcono zokuqapha, izinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile, ne-electronics yamandla ephendula ngokushesha. Lezi zisiza ukugcina amandla kagesi eqinile cishe phakathi kuka-plus noma -5%, okubaluleke kakhulu lapho sibhekene nokwehla okungazelelwe kokukhiqizwa kwelanga ekushoneni kwelanga noma ngezikhathi lapho umoya ungavutheli ngamandla anele. Njengoba ama-inverter angama-hybrid esebenza kanye nezixazululo zokugcina izinto endaweni, iziteshi ezingaphansi zingavele zinikeze amandla azo okuxhasa amandla futhi zilinganise imithwalo ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi asisekho nje kuphela izakhi ezingokwengqalasizinda kodwa asethuthukile aba yinto ephendula kangcono - cishe njengohlelo lwezinzwa lwegridi uqobo. Ukuthuthuka okunjalo kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukucinywa kukagesi okukhulu futhi kunciphise ukuchithwa kwamandla ngezikhathi eziphithizelayo.

Isifundo Sombono: Ukuguqula Kwemithambo Yezinyathelo Zokusebenza Kwe-Grid Yasezona — Ukwenza Ukubambisana Kwemithambo Yasekhaya Nezinye Izinga Zokusebenza Kwezinye Izinga

Ukuguqula kwesibanki yezinyathelo zokusebenza kwe-345-kV yomphathi wemithambo yezinyathelo kubonisa ukuthi izinguquko eziphakanyisiweyo zingakwenza kanjani ukuzivikela kwezinye izinkinga zokubambisana kwezinye izinkinga. Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa, izinkinga zokuguqula kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwezinye izinkinga zakhupha ngama-150% ngemihla yokusebenza kwezinye izinkinga. Izinguquko ezisemva kokuguqulwa zazinklunywa ngokuthi:

• Izinhlobo Zokubhalwa Kwemithambo (PMUs) kukhomba ukuthi kufundwa nokuphendula ngemizuzu eyi-30 yezinkinga
• Izinhlobo Zokubhalwa Kwemithambo Zokuguqula , kuvinjelwa ukwephepha kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngama-25% ngemihla yokusebenza kwezinye izinkinga
• Izinhlobo Zokubhalwa Kwemithambo Zokuguqula , kusiza ukwenza ukuphanda kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuphakanyiswa kwezinye izinkinga

Lezi zinguquko zazikhipha ukwephepha kwezinye izinkinga (DER) kabili futhi zazilahlela ukugcina ngama-60%. Le proyekthi ibonisa ukuthi ukwephepha kwezinye izinkinga kwezinye izinkinga kuyabeka ukubambisana kwezinye izinkinga njengokwephepha kwezinye izinkinga — isibonelo, emazweni apho izinye izinkinga zokusebenza kwezinye izinkinga ziyagcina ngama-50% yezinye izinkinga zokusebenza.

Imiphumela Yokuphatha I-Engineering Emaphakathini Wezinkampani Zokusebenza Kwemithombo Yomthelela Wokubusa Nokuhlelwa Kwezimali Zokusebenza

Izisikhangeli Zokugcina Amadolozi (BESS) Ezihlanganiswe Ngokufanayo Emaphakathini Ama-Substation

Ukufaka izisikhangeli zokugcina amadolozi ngaphakathi kwemaphakathi kusiza kakhulu ekukhuliseni ukuthi sibe nesikhungo sokuvikela phakathi kwezindlela zokuthenga umthelela wokubusa, okuyizindlela ezinamandla angaphezu kwezinye. Lezi zisikhangeli ziyagcina umthelela owodwa wokuthenga uma izipholile zokubusa ziyabeka noma izibhanku zokubusa ziyasebenza kakhulu — lokhu kuvikela ukuthi kungabi nesiphambano esichaza ukuthi kunezimali eziningi kanye nokuthinteka kwemithombo yezimali. Emva kwalokho, bavula umthelela owogcinwe uma kunciphisa ukuthenga, okuhlela ukuthi kunezimali ezingaphansi kwezinye ngokuphelele futhi kususa imali ngokuvikela ukuthi kungabi nesifundo esingasendaweni. Uma kufakwa emaphakathini, i-BESS iyakhipha ukuthinteka kwemithombo yezimali okuthinta kakhulu uma kuthinteka umthelela kumaqhoboka amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyasebenza njengendawo yokuphatha ngokuphelele yezinto zokuhlela imithombo yezimali, okufana nokudlala indima yokuqinisa isikhungo sokuthinta kwezimali kanye nokuvula imithombo yezimali emva kokuthinteka kwezimali ngokuphelele.

Ukubala Kwemithambo Yokuphinda Kabusha Kwemithambo Yokuphinda Kabusha: i-SVC, i-STATCOM, nokuthuthukisa kwe-VAR ekuthunyeni kwe-inverter emaphondweni a-138-kV

Kodwa izithuthi zomthelela wokusebenza kwezindawo ezingaphansi kwemvelo zihlaziyela ukuguqula kwevoltage, isistimu ineeda ukuguqula kwe-reactive power ngemizuzwana yemilisekondi ukuze kubhekwe ubukhulu. Emasitayishini we-138kV, abengineya bafaka ama-Static VAR Compensators (SVCs) ne-Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs). Lezi zixhobo zisebenza ngokufaka ama-VAR kusistimu okanye ukususa kusistimu njengoba kufanele, okuhlanganisa ukubhekwa kwevoltage kanye nokusiza ekusulweni kwe-power factor ngokwesifundo se-IEEE 1547-2018 sokuthutha kwezindawo zomthelela wokusebenza kwezindawo ezihlakazekile. Kabanjelwe kahle kuleli xesha amasolafarm nezinhlobo zezinkampani zokugcina amandla (BESS) zibuka ngezindlela zokuphatha ama-reactive power ngokwabo. Lokhu kuthabatha ukuthi kunezixhobo ezispecyali ezingafanele kakhulu ngoba lezi zintu ezintsha zinakusebenzisa izinto ezifanayo ezenzekwa ngokwesikhathi ngama-SVCs ne-STATCOMs. Ukuchazwa kwezintu zokudala nezintu ezintsha kuyasebenza kahle kungokuthi kunciphisa izinhlobo zezinhlobo zokugqibela kusistimu, kuvumela ukuthi izixhobo zibe nempilo yamandla eminye yezinkinga, kanye nokubhekwa kwezifundo ngokwesikhathi futhi kuvumela abasebenzi bakwazi ukwenza iziguqulo ezifanele kodwa kufanele ngokutsho kwezimo.

Ukuvumela Isibonelo Se-Digital: Izisensori Ze-IoT, Ukujabulisa Ngokushesha, Nokuphatha Kwamandla Ka-IEEE 1547-2018

Ukubona Kwamandla Nokuphatha Ngokuzimela Ngamatshweli E-Edge Ebenzi Emaphakathini Nokuphatha Kwamandla Ka-PMUs

Izisensor zokugcina zibekwe ngqo emaphakathini okuhlela kanye nezisensor zokubala iziphakathi (Phasor Measurement Units) zinika abasebenzi ubuzwa obubanzi ngemiphumela yezivuthi, imigqa yamandla, nokuguqula kwemikhumbu, bafunda wonke lokhu ngomzuzu wemicrosecond. Uma lokhu kuchazwa kusendaweni yokuphatha, kusiza ukwenza iziphumo eziningi njengekufaka ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla uma kubonwa ukuphakama kahle kwezithuthi zokuphatha kwe-solar noma ukuguqula kwezithuthi zokuphatha kwe-wind turbines. Lokhu kusebenza ngokulingana nemizamo ephakanyisiweyo yase-IEEE 1547-2018 eyalwa ukuphatha ngaphezu kweziminyaka ezimbili kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla. Kusukela ekupheleni kokuphatha kahle kakhulu, kunezidingo ezingaphezu koko. Ukubhalwa kahle kusiza ukubona izinkinga kabefore kuzoba yizinkinga ezingcono. Izisensor zokuchaza isikhathi sokuphakama kahle kwezinqamuzi zokuphatha kwe-transformer ziyabona ukuphakama kahle kwezinkambiso zokuphatha kwezinqamuzi kusukela eminyakeni emibili kabefore kuzoba yizinkinga ezingcono. Kanti lezi zisensor zokuchaza ukuphakama kahle kwezinkambiso zokuphatha ziyabona izinkambiso zokuphatha kwezinkambiso kusukela eminyakeni emibili kabefore kuzoba yizinkinga ezingcono. Konke lokhu kuyakwenza ukuthi amaphakathi okuhlela angakwazi ukuphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla, futhi kuyakwenza ukuthi amaphakathi okuhlela ayizindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla k......

Ukubala Kwesikhathi Ngokusebenzisa i-AI nokuhlanganisa i-Virtual Power Plant kwindawo yokuqala yebhokisi

U-AI uyakubeka amasosha emithambo ngokungabi nje izindawo zokujonga kuphela, kodwa kuyabeka ngokungabi nje izindawo zokuphatha okunye nokubhekisa ukuthi kuzoba yini. Izinsiza zokufunda ngokwezinye ezisetyenziswa manje zizifundile ngokusebenzisa imininingwane yonke, kubanzi ekupheleni kwemikhumbu yamazulu, iziphakamiso zesiqondiso se-SCADA, nokuthi izindlela zokusebenza zezindlela zokuphatha imisebenzi yamandla ephakeme ziyasebenza njani. Lezi zinsiza zingakhombisa xa iziphephethi zokuphatha imisebenzi yamandla zizokuproducisa imisebenzi, futhi zingakhombisa ukuthi izibhambo zokuphatha imisebenzi yamandla ayozoproducisa yini ngeminyaka engu-90%, ngokushesha kanye ngezinsuku ezintathu kabusha ngaphambi kokuthi kuzowubona. Ngale ndlela yokwazi ngaphambi kokuzwa, abasebenzisi bokuphatha umthambo bangakwazi ukwenza izinto ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuzwa, ukuphatha ukuguqula kwevoltage, ukusakha izinkampani zokugcina apho kufanele kubekwe, futhi ukukhetha ixesha lokuthi kuzobhekiswa imisebenzi yamandla eyadlulile. Lokhu kusiza ukungavikela izinkinga lapho izindlela zokuphatha imisebenzi yamandla ephakeme zizoba nezinye zezingu-50% zokuphatha imisebenzi yamandla emithambo enkulu yamandla, ngokulandela iziraporti zokugcina zaseNingizimu Afrika.

Izinhlelo zezindaba zokusebenza ngokwezinye (AI) emaphakathini amancane zisiza ekumeni izinhlelo zokuphatha izinhlelo zokuphatha amandla (VPPs) okukhulisa izinhlelo zokugcina amandla angaphansi kwezindawo eziningi njengezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ngokwezinye (BESS), izikhundla zokufaka amandla kwezihlathi zezihlathi, nezihlathi zokuphatha amandla esolile kuzincwadi zemithambo. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ngokwezinye zisebenza ngokuzimela lapho kufanele kakhulu. Lapho kunezinkinga ezinkulu zokusebenza kwamandla okanye lapho izinhlelo zokuphatha amandla esolile zizwa, isoftweya yale VPP isithumela izilumkiso kulezi zinhlelo eziningi. Lokhu kusiza ekuphulukisweni kwesikhundla sokusebenza kwamandla ngokuphakeme kubili-15 kuya kubili-30 ngokuphakeme lapho kunezinkinga ezingaphakeme. Le teknoloji iyabuza ukuthi ifrekhwensi yamandla ibe yisibonelo sokuthi iphakeme kubuhle bokuthi i-IEEE 1547-2018. Futhi inokubuyisa imali — izifundo zase-Ponemon Institute zisisho ukuthi le ndlela ingayikhiyela ukuthi kwenziwe ukuguqula kwezinhlelo zokuphatha amandla okuphakeme okunokuthi kubhekelela ngokuphakeme kubili-740,000 ngomile. Ngezikhundla zokusebenza zonke zokuthi zisebenza ngokuzimela ngokuzimela, amaphakathi amancane wabecwe ngezindawo eziphambili apho singakwazi ukuthi sifunde amandla esolile ngokuphakeme ngaphandle kokuthi siphula ubuhle bokusebenza.