Izinkomba Ezidingekile Ukubhekana Nabo Uma Kufundwa Isayizi Yendawo Yokugcina Amathuluzi

Amasosha Okubala Okukhulu Kwezikhumba Zesithili

Ukuthola isikhundla esifanele kubhokisi yezinhlayiya zokusebenza kusho ukuthola indawo eyodwa phakathi kweyokusebenza manje neyokusebenza ngeminyaka emibili ngaphambi kokuthi ibe yisibonelo sokuziphatha. Qalani ngokubhalisa konke okwesibhokisi ngokuphelele ku-millimeter. Lokhu kuchazela i-PLCs, konke amamodi we-I/O, amasupli wezimali, futhi noma izibhokisi zokufaka. Ungakhohlwa ukusika isikhundla esingaphezu kwe-inchi noma kabili ngasinye isibhokisi ukuze kunezindawo zokudlula komoya futhi abatekinisheni banezindawo zokufaka amadlozi abo xa kudingeka. Ngaphezu kwezinyathelo zokugcina, isikhundla sesibhokisi singaphezu kwezinyathelo ezintathu ziyofuneka sisebenzise kuphela kubhokisi laba. Lokhu kusiza ekugcineni izinto eziphelele, kuvikela izimo zokuphakama kwezimali, futhi kunciphisa izinkinga zokukhangelwa kwezinkambo zokusebenza zokuhambana. Faka izinto zokusebenza ezihlaza umoya kule ndawo apho kungahlanganiswa umoya ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuyisibonelo esibalulekile kubhokisi obayisebenzisa ukulahla kwezimali. Qiniseka ukuthi akukho okubhekisa isikhundla sesikhundla ngokuphelele phakathi kwezinto zokusebenza. Futhi lokhu kuyisibonelo esibalulekile: yenza iziqalekiso ngokuthi ubheke kumkhakha. Sika isikhundla esingaphezu kwe-10-20% ukuze kunezindawo zokufaka izinto ezintsha njengezinhlayiya, izinqumo zokujabulisa, noma izigateway zase-IoT ozizwa ngazo manje. Ubulimi bephakathi buqiniseka ukuthi ukwenza ubhokisi obungaphezu kwebhokisi ngokuphelele kubhekisa kumkhakha kusiza ekuthinteni imali ngeminyaka. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukongeza isikhundla sesibhokisi ngaphezu kwe-15% ngokuphelele kunciphisa imali yokuqhubeka ngaphezu kwe-30% eminyakeni emibili.

Ukuphatha Kwemithambo Nezimpacto Zayo Kusizinda Sasezindaweni Zokugcina Amaphetha

Kungani Ukukhishwa Kwemithambo Kuyadikta Isivolumu Esincane Sekabinethi Nokulayisha Kwesikhala Sokuvula

Izinkomponenti zonke zezinhlelo zokusebenza zihlaza izithelo xa zisebenza, futhi ukuba izintemperetsha ziyakhupha ngaphandle kokulawula, kuyabeka imiphumela emibi kubukhulu bekho bokusebenza kwesikhathi eside. Izifundo ezisemthwakathini zibonisa ukuthi ukuzimela izinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphansi kwemiphumela yezintemperetsha ezingaphezu kwezintemperetsha eziphathelene nesikhathi sokusebenza ngama-10 Celsius kuyakwakha ubukhulu bekho bokusebenza ngamahlanu amabili. Ukuxhasa le miphumela ngendlela efanele, izinkabhinethi zezinhlelo zokusebenza kufanele zibe nenqubo yezindawo ngaphakathi ukuze ukusuka kwamanzi kwenza umsebenzi wakho ngendlela efanele. Izinyawo zezithelo ezinamandla ziyadlala phezulu futhi ziyasuka ngemikhawulo yasezulu, ngakho-ke izinyawo ezizimela ziyafika phansi. Uma izinkomponenti zihlukanwa ngokushesha kakhulu, ukusuka kwamanzi kuhlanganiswa, okuyenza izindawo eziphambili zezithelo ezinamandla ozizwa ngazo konke. Lezi zindawo ziyakhulisa ukungafani kwezilayisi futhi ziyakwenza ukuthi izihlangothi zihlabe ngokushesha. Ukudesigna ukusuka kwamanzi okufanele kufanele kubone isikhundla esifanele phakathi kokuqinisa nokuvikela phansi kwemithi nezilayisi. Abatekhnisheni abaningi bavula amabhaffuli noma izifilti zemeshi ezivamele ukuthi zibe nesibalo sokuvikela okufanele ukuvikelwa kwezinto ezingavumelekileyo ngaphandle kokuvikela ukusuka kwamanzi ngokuphelele. Ngokujwayelekile, ukusuka kwamanzi okufanele kufanele kube nenzuzo yezindawo ngaphakathi yekabhinethi ngama-20 ku-30 percent ngaphezulu kwezindawo ezifanele ukuthi zihlukanwe ngokushesha kakhulu.

Ukusebenzisa Iifan ngokulinganisa ne- Convection Cooling: Izindlela zokukhetha kwezinto ezinokubangela imiphumela ekhaya lezinto zokulawula i-IP55

Uma kuziwa emabhokisini anamazinga e-IP55, ukuphoqa okubangelwa ukugeleza kwezinto kususa lezo zindawo ezicasulayo lapho umoya uphelelwa khona kodwa kudinga indawo eyengeziwe ukuze umoya usebenze kahle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlelo ezisekelwa umoya zikhuthaza umoya ukuba uzungeze kangcono, okusho ukuthi izingxenye zingahlanganiswa eduze. Nokho, lezi zinhlelo zidinga imipheme ekhethekile evaliwe enezihlungi eziqoqa uthuli nemfucumfucu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma othile ekhohlwa ukuwahlanza njalo, amasongo aqala ukuhluleka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela ekhethwayo, yomibili kumelwe ihlangabezane nalezo zindinganiso ze-IP55. Lokho kusho ukuthi kudingeka avimbele amanzi ukuba angangeni lapho kukhanya futhi agcine izinhlayiya zothuli zingangeni. Lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa ama-louver noma ama-ventilator avulekile avumela ukushisa ukuba kuphume kuyilapho kugcinwa ikhabethe livikelekile ngokufanele ngokuvumelana nemigomo yomkhakha.

Ukwenza Indawo Ibe Ngcono: Ukuhlanza, Ukufaka Izintambo, Nokwenza Ikhabethe Likagesi Libe Nesikhathi Esikahle

Ukuhlela indawo okuhle akuyona nje ukufaka zonke izingxenye esizidingayo njengamanje. Kusho ukucabanga kusengaphambili ukuthi izinto zizoshintsha kanjani lapho kudingeka ukulungiswa, izingxenye zithuthukiswa, noma amazinga okushisa eshintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Beka eceleni amaphesenti angaba ngu-20 kuya kwangu-30 esikhala sangaphakathi ngokukhethekile ukuze izintambo nezintambo zihambe. Leli kamelo elengeziwe lisiza ekunciphiseni izinkinga zokuphazanyiswa kukagesi, kwenza kube lula ukuthola izinkinga kamuva, futhi kugcina lezo zintambo zikagesi nezesignali zingenazo izindinganiso zokuphepha emajikeni nasemajikeni. Okunye okubalulekile: shiya okungenani amasentimitha amabili noma amabili (cishe angu-25 kuya kwangu-50 mm) endaweni evulekile nxazonke kwanoma yini ekhiqiza ukushisa. Lokhu kuba okubaluleke ngempela ezindlini ezinesilinganiso se-IP55 lapho ukupholisa kwenzeka ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba komoya kunokuba kube yizinhlelo zokuphefumula eziphoqelelwe.

Ukuhlelwa Kwezokuqedwa Kwezimali

Kukho izindlela eziningi zokuzilungiselela ukufinyelela kwezinsizakwane zokusebenza ngokwesibonelo esithathu. Indawo yokususa phambili iyavumela abasebenzi ukusebenzisa izibhreka ngokuphelele njengoba bafuna ukubona isikhombisi ngokucacileyo. Kumaqanda, kufuneka sibe nezindawo eziphakeme ukuze sizifune zonke izikabili ezihamba kuyo, futhi izindawo zokufaka amaplate ayenziwe ngokwekugcina nokufaka iziqephu zesifunda esizokufaka emva kwalokho. Kusuka phezulu, ukususa indawo yezindawo zokuphakama kuyisemthethweni futhi ngoba iyavumela ukufaka izibhurubharu zokuphakama, izinkampani zokuphakama, noma ukufaka izisensori emva kwalokho. Lezi zindawo zokususa azizidingo zokuvumela kuphela. Ziyagcina umsindo wokuphikisana nezimthetho ezibalulekile njenge-UL 508A ne-IEC 61439-1. Okubalulekile kakhulu, izindawo zokususa eziphelele ziyabonakala kakhulu xa kufuneka kwenziwe ukulungiswa okanye ukuzivocavoca kwezinto ezingaphakathi. Indawo engaphezu kwezinye yizinye ayizokubiza amahora angaphezu kwezinye yizinye ekulungiseni izinto.

Ukuvikelwa Kwemini Ngokwezinkokhelo Zokuphindeleka

Onjiniyela abaningi bavame ukungawunaki umfutho wokukhula kwemishini phakathi nempilo yayo yokusebenza. Ukushiya amaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwangu-20 esitezi esingenamuntu kodwa sinentambo kunengqondo ekwandiseni esikhathini esizayo. Cabanga ngamamojula engeziwe e-PLC, izinhlelo ezingcono zokuvikela ukuqhuma, noma ngisho nezinye izinto zokucubungula eziseceleni komgwaqo. Amapaneli akhiwe ngezingxenye eziseceleni eziyindilinga agcina isikhathi eside kakhulu ngoba angahlelwa kabusha ngaphandle kokulahla yonke indawo. Lolu hlobo lokuhlela luba lubaluleke kakhulu uma sibheka ukuthi i-IoT yezimboni isanda ngokushesha kangakanani kulezi zinsuku. I-Frost & Sullivan yabika ukukhula okungama-23% ngonyaka odlule uma ngikhumbula kahle. Izimboni ezihlakaniphile zidinga lokhu kuguquguquka lapho zandisa imigqa yokukhiqiza noma zengeza lezo zinzwa ezintsha eziphambili wonke umuntu akhuluma ngazo namuhla. Imali elondolozwe ngokugwema ukuvalwa okungalindelekile iyodwa iyakufanelekela ukuzikhandla kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukuhambisana nomthetho: Izindinganiso ze-IEC, izilinganiso ze-IP, nezidingo zesayizi yekhabethe kagesi

Ukwenza imithetho ilunge kubaluleke kakhulu kulo mkhakha, hhayi nje ngoba kuyinto okumelwe siyenze, kodwa ngoba le mithetho ivikela abantu, imishini ihlala isikhathi eside, futhi izinhlelo ezahlukene zingasebenza ndawonye kahle. I-International Electrotechnical Commission, noma i-IEC ngamafuphi, iye yasungula izindinganiso ezilandelwa cishe wonke umuntu emhlabeni wonke, futhi lezi zindinganiso ziyithonya ngempela indlela amakhabethe okulawula akhiwa ngayo kusukela phansi kuya phezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga nge-IEC 61439-1. Le nqubo ichaza amabanga amancane phakathi kwezingxenye ukuvimbela ama-arc kagesi ayingozi ukuba angabikho. Lapho belandela lo mthetho, abakhiqizi badinga isikhala esengeziwe esingu-20 kuya ku-30 ekhulwini ngaphakathi kwekhabethe kunalokho ababengakwenza uma bengazange bawulalele ngokuphelele. Futhi kukhona lonke uhlelo lokulinganisa i-IP oluthinta nezinqumo zokuklama ngokomzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, isivalo esinekhwalithi ye-IP55 sidinga izici ezikhethekile ezifana nokuxhuma okuvaliwe, izihlungi zomoya emithonjeni yokuphefumula, nokuvalwa kweminyango okuqinile emaphethelweni. Lezi zidingo ngokuvamile zenza ikhabethe libe lijule ngamaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwangu-25 uma liqhathaniswa namamodeli ayisisekelo e-IP20. Ukufinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme nakakhulu elinamazinga afana ne-IP66 kusho ukwakha ngezindonga ezisheshe zande nokusebenzisa ama-gasket akhethekile abunjiwe ngokucindezelwa, okuyinto ngokusobala ethatha indawo eningi nakakhulu.

Lapho kuziwa ekulinganisweni kosayizi bemishini, ukucabangela ukushisa kudlala indima enkulu. Izindinganiso ezinjenge-IEC 61439-2 zibeka imingcele yokuthi amazinga okushisa angakhuphuka kangakanani ngaphakathi kwamabhokisi kagesi lapho esebenza ngamandla aphelele. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukufaka izinto ezinkulu kunezidingekayo ukuze kucociswe kahle nge-convection noma ukufaka ama-ventilator athatha indawo eyigugu ngaphakathi kwamapaneli. Izingozi zokwenza lokhu zingase zibe zinkulu. Ngokwenhlolo-vo kaNFPA Yokuphepha Ngogesi yango-January, cishe ingxenye (43%) yayo yonke imililo kagesi eyahlolwa yaphenduka imbangela yezindawo ezivalekile ezazingafaneleki ukuba zisebenze. Kulabo onjiniyela abasebenza kumiklamo yamapaneli, ukulandelela imithetho ehlukene yesifunda kuba umsebenzi obalulekile. Amaphrojekthi aseNyakatho Melika alandela imihlahlandlela ye-UL 508A kuyilapho izakhiwo zaseYurophu kudingeka zihlangabezane nemininingwane ye-EN 61439. Lokhu kuhluka kubalulekile ngoba izinto ezinjengokuthi amakhebuli angena kuphi ekhabetheni, ukuthi iziphetho kufanele zihlukaniswe kangakanani, ngisho nokuthi abaqhubi bagobeka kanjani emakhoneni ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwamazwe. Ekugcineni, ukulandela le mithetho akuhileli nje ukugwema izinhlawulo noma ukulahlekelwa ukwamukelwa emakethe. Ukuhambisana kahle kusiza imishini ukuba ikwazi ukumelana nanoma yiziphi izimo ezihlangabezana nazo ezimbonini, emafektri nakwezinye izindawo zezimboni lapho ukwethembeka kubaluleke kakhulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izifaktor eziphambili ziziphi ezinokugcina ubukhulu be-cabinet yemvelo?

Izifaktor eziphambili ziyizinto eziyisikhwama kusuka ngaphakathi, ukubhalwa kwezinye izinto ezizokufika emva, isikhala sokuhamba kwamafutha, nokulawula ukuthempa. Isikhala esifanele sokubhala amakhabelu nezikhala zokuhlola kuzoba yizinkinga eziphambili.

Kungani ukulawula ukuthempa kubalulekile ekubeni kwe-cabinet yemvelo?

Ukulawula ukuthempa kuvikela ukuthi izinto zihlale kwezindawo ezingavimba, okungaba yisiphetho sokungasebenza kwezinto. Ukuvula kwezindawo zokuhamba kwamafutha nokuphakama okufanele kuyabangela ukuthi izinto zisebenze ngendlela efanele.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-convection cooling ne-fan-assisted cooling kuma-cabinet e-IP55 ubuphi?

I-convection cooling ichaza isikhala eside kodwa ingasewo isikhala sokuhlola, ngakho-ke i-fan-assisted systems inqamuka izindlela zokubeka izinto ngaphakathi kodwa ichaza ukuhlola okuphakade ukuze ikhuseleke.

Izistandadi ze-IEC ziyathinta kanjani ukubeni kwe-cabinet yemvelo?

Izistandadi ze-IEC zibhalisa izikhala eziphakade, izinqumo zokubhalwa kwe-IP, nokulawula ukuthempa, ukuqinisa ukuthi kubhekwe indlela yokuvikela, ukuthembeka, nokubonakaliswa kokubhalwa kwezistandadi zezwe lonke.