Izinkampani Zokugcina Amathuluzi Emigqa Yemitha: Isiphumo Sokunciphisa Ukungena Kwemitha Kukuguqula

Ukuchaza Kwemitha Kwezinkinga Futhi Ukuhlakanipha Ukuthi Izinkampani Zokugcina Amathuluzi Emigqa Yemitha Kuyisisekelo Sokunciphisa

Ukuchaza Kwemitha Kwezinkinga i-I²R: Sizinga Ngani Ukugcina Kwezinkinga Ngokuphakama Kwemitha Kucindezela Umkhondo Futhi Kucincisha Izinkinga Zokugcina

Lapho ugesi uhamba ngezingcingo, iningi lokulahleka kwenzeka ngenxa yokushisa okwenziwa ukumelana komqhubi, kulandela lokho esikubiza ngokuthi uMthetho kaJoule (P_loss = I squared times R). Into ethakazelisayo lapha ukuthi ukulahleka kwamandla kuhlobene kanjani nokugeleza - lapho ukugeleza kwehla kancane nje, ukusebenza kahle kukhuphuka kakhulu. Lesi esinye sezizathu ezenza ukuba izinhlelo eziningi manje zisakaze amandla ngombane ophakathi kuka-1 kuya ku-36 kilovolts kunokuba zigcine amazinga ombane aphansi. Ngalezi zingcindezi eziphakeme, amandla alinganayo angadlula ezintanjeni ezinamandla amancane kakhulu. Uma othile ehlisa isigamu sevoltage, i-current empeleni iyaphindeka kabili, kodwa uma bephinda kabili i-voltage, i-current iyancipha ngesigamu. Lolu shintsho olulula lunciphisa lezo zilahleko ezicasulayo ze-I squared R cishe ngekota ezintathu uma kusetshenziswa abaqhubi besayizi ofanayo. Akumangalisi ukuthi imishini yamandla aphansi isisekelo sezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusabalalisa amandla ezimbonini nezentengiselwano. Lezi zinhlelo zigcina amandla aphakeme eqinile ebangeni elide ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukushisa okuningi okulahlekile. Izingxenye zanamuhla zokuxhuma zihlanganisa izinto ezinjengamabhasi ethusi anokuqhuba okuhle kakhulu nokuxhumana okufakwe isiliva ukuze kulwisane nokumelana nomshini noma nini lapho kungenzeka khona. Zonke lezi zithuthukisi zisiza ekunciphiseni ukuchitha amandla okungadingekile okuvame ukuchitha cishe amaRandi ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisikhombisa namashumi amane unyaka ngamunye ezikhungweni ezijwayelekile ngokusho kocwaningo olushicilelwe yiPonemon Institute emuva ngo-2023.

Izinkampani Zokugcina Iphutha Lomkhulu Ngokwesikhundla Sokuphatha Okumangalisayo Phakathi Kwemithombo Yophutha Nokugcina Kokugcina

Izisikhundla sezivuthi sezemithambo zezimfushane zihlala phakathi kwezinye ezinkulu zezivuthi zezimfushane nezinto ezingafuni umthelela wokugcina. Lezi zisikhundla aziphinde ziyizincwadi zokulandela kuphela, kodwa ziyaphatha njengoko umthelela wokugcina uyodlula ngendlela yokuqondisa. Izinqamba zezinye zezinto ezihlala ngaphakathi, kufuneka kubhekwe izibhanku zemithambo, izilungiselelo, nezinye izinhlobo zezixhuma ziyabheka ngokuphathelene nesilinganiso sokusebenza, zibone izinkinga ngokuthe ngaphambi kwezinye, bese ziyagcina umthelela wokugcina kuwo ongafuneki ngokuphelele. Uma kusenzeka into engavumelekile, lezi zisikhundla ziyakhiqiza izinkinga ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, futhi kungenani emizuzwana emibili, okuyinika ukukhawuleza kwezinkinga ezenzeka kahle futhi ukuvikela izinto zokusebenza ne-ukuvikela ukusebenza kahle kwezimali yomthelela wokugcina. Yenza isisikhundla sesivuthi sezemithambo esisindisiwe ngogas (GIS) njengombuzo. Kuyasebenza kahle kunezinye zezisikhundla zesivuthi sezemithambo esisindisiwe ngohawa, kuyadlula izimfushane zokuhlanza nezinye izimfushane ezizigqila, kuyadlula izimfushane ezingazange zifunekile ezisizigqila esingazange sizifunekile. Isibonelo saseNkampani Yokusebenza Kwemali Yomkhosi (International Energy Agency) siyasho ukuthi ukuthinteka kancane kwe-1% kokuthinteka kwezimali yomthelela wokugcina emhlabeni wonke kuyinika ukuthinteka kwe-87 terawatt hours ngonyaka. Okuyinika ubukhulu bezisikhundla zesivuthi sezemithambo kukuthi kuyalanda izindlela zokuvikela, izindlela zokulinganisa, nezindlela zokuphatha ngokomlando zonke ngendlela eyodwa, kuyinika izindlela zokuthinteka kahle kwezimali yomthelela wokugcina kusukela ekupheleni kwemali yomthelela wokugcina kuya kuzo zonke izinto zokusebenza.

Izinqubo Zokusebenza Kwemithambo Yezinkampani Zokugcina Amathuba Okukhula Kwezindawo Eziningi Ezinokuthintana Ngqo Ekukhuliseni

Amathuba Okukhula Nokusebenza Kwemithambo Yokugcina Nokusebenza Kwemithambo Yokugcina: Ukunciphisa Ukuphakama Kwesikhathi Sokuphakama Ngokusebenzisa Ukuthintana Nokusebenza Kwemithambo Yokugcina

Amabusbar ephakeme ne-aluminum ongahleli okukhulu kuyasebenza njengezindlela zokugcina umoya wokugcina, futhi indlela yabo yokwakha iyaphatha kakhulu eminye imiphumela yokuqondwa ngokuphelele (I²R losses) esithanda ukuzibuka. Uma isilvayini isetshenziswa emaphakamini, isenza umkhawulo wokugcina uphansi ngeminyaka engu-15% kulokho okusebenzayo ngaphandle kokufakwa kwesilvayini. Lokhu kuthabatha ukuthi kubeka izindawo zokugcina kwezinkulu kancane futhi kubiza ukulawula kahle kwempilo xa izinhlelo zisebenza ngokuphambuka. Amanani ayathola indaba eyodwa futhi. Ukuncima amanani angu-1% kwezinhlelo zokugcina zombili kusiza ngemalungu angu-$740,000 ngonyaka ngendawo yezikhundla zokuhlanganisa ezikade kakhulu ngokusho kwezifundo zikaPonemon Institute ngo-2023. Uma sibona phambili, kukho izindlela ezihlakanipileyo eziphuma lapha. Abasemthengisi baphatha amasilayi amashumi amashumi athi abafunda ngokuphelele kwe-copper (ngu-98% IACS rating), bafaka amakhemikhali okuvikela ukuhlukunyezwa okukhula izindawo ezinkulu zokugcina, futhi bavumbula iziqu zokugcina ukuze bafunde inkulu ngaphandle kokuthi bakhubazekile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Amasistimu okugcina (GIS vs. AIS): Ukuhlaziya kwezinkinga zokugcina, ukuphakanyiswa okuncane, nokuthuthukisa kwesikhathi sokugcina

I-Gas Insulated Switchgear, okuyizwi eliqinileyo ngokwesibonelo i-GIS, isebenza ngokufaka izinyathelo zonke zokusebenza kumoya we-SF6 ophakanyisiwe noma izinketho ezingaphansi kwe-SF6 ezintsha. Lokhu kuthiwa ukuthi kubeka isiphambano kwezinyathelo zokulahla kusuka emva kwezinye zezinyathelo zokusebenza kanye nokuphatha izinyathelo zokuhlelwa kancane ngokugcwele ngokulingana ne-90% uma kubhekwa kuze kungabi na i-Air Insulated Systems. Indlela yokufaka zonke izinyathelo ziyinto esithi kuyabeka amathuba aqinile ekutheni amathuba asebenza ayisilinganiso futhi akavamise kusukela ekutheni ukuthanda kuthiwa kude kwe-40 degrees Celsius. Isidingo esinye sokuthi kusiza kakhulu kukuphula indawo - i-GIS iyasebenza ngokuphula indawo engaphezu kwe-70% kunezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlelo zinezinyathelo zokulahla ezingaphansi kwe-0.005% ngonyaka. Kanti izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphatha umoya zihamba kusukela kuzo kusukela kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ngokuvamisa ukusebenza ngokulingana ne-8 kuya kwe-12% ngonyaka ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha noma zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha noma zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okusha ngokulingana nezimo zokuphatha umoya okush......

Izindlela Zokulondoloza Nokuhlanganisa Ezinamandla Ngokusebenzisa I-Switchgear Yemithambo Yokuphakama

Ukulinganisa Kuphela: Ukugcina Izikhombisa Zemini-Ngokwehluleka Ukuze Kungavunyelwe Ukuphuma Kwemithambo Futhi Ukuphula Kwamandla

Kodwa uma ukulungiswa kwezinkinga zokuziphatha kusebenza ngempela, izinkinga zokuziphatha kwemithambo yezikhiwo zihlukanyiswa ngokuphelele emkhakheni wabo endaweni yokuthi zihlukanyiswe ngokuphelele emkhakheni wabo, engaqinisekisa izinkinga eziningi kwenqubo yonke. Lokhu kusinda umthelela wokusebenza ngokuvamile kwezikhala ezingaqinisekisiwe ngokuthi kusho okungafanele. Isigaba esihle sikhona ekulungiseni izindlela zokusebenza zokuxhumana phakathi kwezinkambo zokulungisa ezahlukeneyo njengezinkambo zokuvula imithambo nezinkambo zokuhlupha. Izinkambo zokusebenza zemithambo eyadala kakhulu ziyasebenza kahle kunezinkambo zokusebenza zemithambo yezinkambo ezindala, ngakho kodwa kusho okungafanele, ukugcina kuyagcinwa ngokuphelele kungaphansi kokugcina okungafanele nokuthi kuhlanganiswa konke ukusebenza. Hlalani ngenhloso: Ngokwesayithi sika-Ponemon esasendleleni yelinye, izinkinga zokuziphatha zokuziphatha azinakubangela izinkinga ezingaphezulu kakhulu zokufa kwezimali, zingabangela izimali ezingu-740,000 ngalinye loku kusho okungafanele. Kodwa amakompani asenziwa ngokulungisa ukulungiswa kwezinkinga zokuziphatha kusiza kunciphisa izimali zabo ngaphakathi kwe-40 ku-60%, zilungile kakhulu futhi kuzisinda iziservisi ezingatholakali ngokusebenza noma ngokulungisa.

Amarelayi E-Dijithali Nezinyathelo Zokusebenza Kwe-AI: Ukunciphisa Ukuthintwa Kweminye Nokugcina Umsebenzi Wokubhala Ngokuphelele, Ngokuvamile

Izirelay zokuhlela zezindaba zasezinsukwini zezindimana zibuyela kusuka kwezinye zezindimana zemvelo ngoba zihlala nezinkimbinkimbi zokuzilungisa kanye nezinkimbinkimbi zokuzilungisa ngokushesha, izilungiselelo ezinokugcinwa ngokufanayo, futhi izinkimbinkimbi zokuzilungisa ngokwanele. Lezi zisistimu ezintsha zizibona izindimana zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukwini zezinsukw......

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyini ukulahleka kwe-I2R, futhi kungancishiswa kanjani?

Ukulahleka kwe-I2R kubhekise ekulahlekelweni kwamandla ngenxa yokushisa okwenziwa ukumelana nogesi, kulandela umthetho kaJoule. Zingancishiswa ngokusabalalisa amandla kuma-voltage aphezulu, okunciphisa amandla, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise kakhulu ukulahleka kokumelana.

Kungani imishini yokushintsha i-voltage ephakathi ibalulekile ekusakazeni amandla?

I-medium voltage switchgear isebenza njengenombolo yokulawula phakathi kweziteshi zamandla aphezulu kanye nemishini yokugcina, ilawula ngempumelelo ukuhamba kwamandla futhi ihlukanise amaphutha ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa ukuvikelwa kwemishini nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.

Iziphi izinzuzo ezenziwa yi-Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Air Insulated Systems (AIS)?

I-GIS inikeza ukuphathwa okungcono kwemifudlana yokuvuza nokukhishwa okuyingxenye, igcina ukuzinza kokushisa, igcina isikhala, futhi inezinga lokuvuza eliphansi lonyaka uma liqhathaniswa ne-AIS, okwenza kube ngcono futhi kuthembeke.

Ama-relay anamuhla asebenza ngedijithali ayithuthukisa kanjani indlela uhlelo lwamandla olwenza ngayo izinto?

Imirelay yezindaba zokuziphatha ngokushesha zokuziphatha kuzoba nezinkinga zokuphulula ngokusebenzisa ukuchaza kwezinsuku zokuziphatha nokufunda kwemashini ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinkinga zokuziphatha nezinkinga zokuziphatha ngempela, ngakho kubhekisele isikhathi sokuziphatha ngokuphelele nokusebenza ngokulinganayo futhi kunciphisele isikhathi sokungasebenzi.