Ukukhetha i-Ring Main Unit Yokugcina Umthwakazi Wezindawo Zokusebenza

Ukuqonda Imizamo Yezindawo Zokusebenza Nezimali Zokukhetha I-Ring Main Unit

Imiphumela Yezimali Ezingaphezulu Futhi Imiphumela Yezinhlobo Zokusebenza Zokubhala Ngokushesha

Ukusabalalisa ugesi kuba nzima kakhulu emadolobheni lapho abantu namabhizinisi behlangana khona. Isidingo sikagesi siyakhuphuka futhi sinciphe usuku lonke, sifike ezingeni eliphakeme lapho amahhovisi evulekile futhi sicishe siphele ebusuku. Ama-Ring Main Units, noma ama-RMU ngamafuphi, kudingeka aphathe konke lokhu kushintshashintsha ngaphandle kokucisha noma ubani amandla. Lapho kunokuvinjelwa komsebenzi endaweni yedolobha elikhulu, izinkampani zilahlekelwa imali ngokushesha - cishe amaRandi ayizinkulungwane ezingu-740 ngokwesilinganiso ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwa iPonemon Institute ngonyaka odlule. Yingakho ukubeka kahle lezo-RMU kubaluleke kangaka. Kunezinkinga eziningi ezinzima onjiniyela ababhekana nazo lapha. Kumelwe baphathe izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ezishintshashintsha amandla phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zenethiwekhi ngaphandle kokubangela ukwehla kwamandla kagesi okucasulayo. Khona-ke kukhona ukubhekana namapaneli elanga athumela amandla emuva ohlelweni, okwakungeyona ingxenye yomklamo wokuqala. Futhi ekugcineni, badinga izinkinobho ezingashintsha indlela inethiwekhi ebukeka ngayo ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusebenzisa izilawuli ezikude esikhundleni sokulinda othile ukuba aphume ngokomzimba futhi alungise izinto.

Izinkathi Eziningi Zokugcina Umhlaba: Ukuhlanza, Ubukhulu Bekhanda, Isikhala, Nokuthi Kwezindawo

Izinsimbi zokuxhuma ezifakwa emadolobheni zibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu ezingokwemvelo eziqeda imishini ejwayelekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukungcola okuvela ezimbonini kushiya izembozo eziqhuba kahle ezivalekiseni, okwenza kube nobungozi obukhulu bokuthi kube nokuqhuma okuyingozi. Lapho zihlanganiswa nomswakama ongapheli emoyeni nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okukhulu phakathi kwemigudu engaphansi komhlaba nezitezi, lezi zinto zenza ukugqwala nokugqwala kwezinto zokuvikela kugqame ngokushesha. Amadivayisi amakhulu asezingeni eliphansi alwa nawo wonke lo monakalo ngokuba nezigqoko ezivaliwe ezingamelana nokugqwala (okungenani ezingamelana ne-IP67), amasistimu okuvikela amanzi, namadivayisi amancane angena kahle emabhokisini ezishintshi noma emakamelweni angaphansi komhlaba. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ngo-2022 yi-IEEE lwabonisa ukuthi ukushintshela kuma-RMU agcinwe ngegesi kunciphisa izinga lokwehluleka okubangelwa ukungcola cishe ngamaphesenti amane kwezinhlanu ezindaweni ezisogwini lolwandle. Ukulondoloza isikhala nakho kubalulekile, ngoba amamodeli amasha athatha indawo engaphansi kwengxenye yesikhala semishini emidala kodwa asakwazi ukubhekana nemithwalo efanayo kagesi lapho iphutha.

Ukuqondisa Imithambo Yeziphakade Zokusebenza Kwesikhombisa Se-Ring Main Unit

Iklasi Yevolthi, I-Rating Yocurrent, Nokuthintana Kwezinkathi Zokuhlala Kwezinkulungwane Zokusebenza Zemithambo Yezinkulungwane

Ukukhetha izinga elifanele levolthi, ngokuvamile elibalelwa ku-11 kuya ku-33 kV emithonjeni kagesi yasemadolobheni, kuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kusebenza kahle nalokho osekuvele kukhona. Uma kuziwa ekuhlolweni kwamanje, kudingeka kube ngaphezulu kunalokho esikulindele ukuthi umthwalo uzokhula. Abantu bavame ukukwenza lokhu kube iphutha, futhi lokho kuholela ekutheni imishini iphele ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukumelana nokushisa nakho kubalulekile. Izingxenye kumelwe zibhekane nemithwalo eqhubekayo ngaphandle kokushisa kakhulu ngoba ukushisa ngokweqile kuqeda ukwahlukanisa ngokushesha kunalokho okufunwa umuntu. Ngokwemibiko ehlukahlukene yokwethenjelwa, cishe izinkinga ezingu-4 kwezingu-10 kumanethiwekhi ombane ophakathi nendawo empeleni zivela ezinkingeni zokushisa. Kwabanjiniyela ababheka izinketho zemishini, ukugxila ezinhlelweni ezifakwe ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kwamabhasi kanye nezici ezinhle zokusabalalisa ukushisa kuba kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi lapho kusetshenzelwa iziteshi ezingaphansi komhlaba lapho ukujikeleza komoya kuncipha ngokwemvelo.

Amandla okukhuthazelela ukusika kwesikhashana kanye nokuhambisana kwezinga lokwehluleka

Amandla aphambukayo amanethiwekhi kagesi asemadolobheni avame ukuba phezulu kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, ngezinye izikhathi adlula ama-25 kA ngenxa yokuthi inethiwekhi ixhunyaniswe kakhulu kangakanani. Uma kuziwa kuma-Ring Main Units (RMUs), ikhono lawo lokusingatha izifunda ezimfushane kudingeka lihlangabezane noma lidlule lokho okulindelekile endaweni. Uma kungenjalo, kunengozi yangempela yokuba kwenzeke okuthile okubi lapho kuvela amaphutha. Kukhona nokuhlola okubalulekile okudingeka kwenzeke. Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi iyunithi lingawaphuli ama-current angalingani, njengama-kA angaba ngu-63 ezindaweni ezinkulu zedolobha. Khona-ke hlola ukuthi ihlala izinzile yini ngaphansi kwalawo mandla kagesi esiwaziyo sonke. Futhi ekugcineni siqinisekise ukuthi lezo zinkomba zokudlula kwamaphutha empeleni zisebenza ngokushesha ngokwanele, kuhle kakhulu cishe ngemizuzwana engu-20. Imishini engenawo amandla kunoma iyiphi yalezi zinto ingaholela emathubeni aphindwe kathathu okuhluleka okuqhubekayo ezinhlakeni zamagesi eziqinile. Ngaphambi kokuthenga noma yini entsha, ngaso sonke isikhathi bheka imibiko yokuhlola iphutha ethile yendawo yokufaka yangempela kuqala.

Ukukhetha iTeknoloji Yokufaka Isibonelo Esiphambanana Kukusakazwa Kwemithambo Yomthambo Wokugcina Emakhaya

Imithambo Yomthambo Wokugcina Efanayo Nge-SF₆ Gas-Insulated, Solid-Insulated, ne-Air-Insulated: Izinkinga Zokubeka Isikhundla, Ubucayi, nokuhlela

Uma kuziwa kumayunithi amakhulu asendongeni (RMUs) ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ukukhetha ukuhlukanisa okulungile kubaluleke ngempela. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: izinhlelo ezivalelwe igesi ze-SF6, ezivalelwe izinto eziqinile, nezingavunyelwe umoya, ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Ama-RMU agesi agqunywe ngogesi athatha isikhala esincane, okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezicinene zeziteshi. Zibuye zivikele kangcono ngokumelene nama-arc kagesi ngenxa yamandla aqinile okuvikela i-SF6. Kodwa kunenkinga. Lawo madivayisi adinga ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kwegesi futhi izilawuli ziya ziba nezikhwepha nge-SF6 ngoba iyingozi kakhulu emvelweni (cishe izikhathi ezingu-24,300 kunezingu-CO2). Amamodeli agqwalile angawasusa ngokuphelele amagesi abamba ukushisa ngokusebenzisa izinto ezinjenge-epoxy noma i-thermoplastics njengezithiyo. Zincane cishe ngo-40% kunezinhlobo ezivalelwe umoya, kodwa zisakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-IP67 zokumelana nesimo sezulu. Iqiniso lokuthi azidingi ukugcinwa njalo lizenza zikulungele ukusebenzisa ugesi emadolobheni ahlakaniphile, nakuba zinenkinga lapho imithwalo ihlala ngaphezu kwama-ampere angu-630 isikhathi eside. Amadivayisi avikela umoya angase abe ashibhile ekuqaleni futhi aqine ngokomzimba, kodwa adla indawo eningi engu-60 kuya ku-80% lapho efakwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingcoliswa ngokushesha ezindaweni ezinjengamadolobha asogwini lapho umswakama uletha khona usawoti nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Ngokuqondene nokugcinwa, amayunithi e-SF6 ngokuvamile adinga othile ozohlola ukuvuza njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Izimoto eziqinile zidinga ukubukelwa ngezikhathi ezithile, kuyilapho izimoto ezivalelwe umoya ziqoqa ukungcola ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuba zidinge ukuhlanzwa njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu ezindaweni ezingcolile. Uma sibheka ukubekezelela ukushisa, ama-unit agqwalile agqwalile aqhubeka esebenza kahle ngisho nalapho amazinga okushisa efinyelela ku-65 degrees Celsius, okuwanika inzuzo engaba ngu-15 degrees uma eqhathaniswa nama-air-insulated counterparts ngokusho kokuhlolwa kokushisa kwakamuva okuvela ku-ZWU

Ukuthuthukisa Ukuphatha Kwezinkinga Nokugxila Kwemithambo Yezindawo Zokubeka Kwemithambo Yezindawo Zokubeka

Izinkinobho Zokulungisa Ezihlanganisiwe: Ukubonisa Ukugcina Kwemiphumela, Ukubeka Kwemithambo Ngokusebenzisa Amashini, Nokubaluleka Kwesikhombisa Sokulungisa (SCADA/IEC 61850)

Izihluzi zasezingeni zezindawo zasezinsukwini zasezinsukwini zazisemthwakathwaka ngezintechinoloji zokulondoloza eziphambili okunakekela ukuthi izinhlangano zezindawo zasezinsukwini zibe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngokuphatha kwazo kwezinkinga. Faka isibonelo sokuqonda ukuthi kuyaphela kuphi (FPI). Le sistimu isibonisa indawo apho kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ngokushesha kakhulu, okusiza ukuthi amaqembu asebenza ayisisekelo esikhundleni sokuthi kufanele abekele amandla akho ekusebenzeni phakathi kwezinkinga, futhi lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwezindawo. Emva kwalokho kukhona ukuguqula ngomotori okuvumela abasebenzi bakugcina lezi zihluzi ngendlela eyisifundo emaphakathini akho, ngakho akufanele bavulele abantu bafikele emaphakathini akho apho kunezinkinga eziningi njengezinkinga zokuphefumula kanye nezinkinga zokuzenzakalela. Izisitemu zesikhuba sezindawo (SCADA) zokuxhuma nezindlela zokusebenza zase-IEC 61850 zivumela ukuthi kubhalelwe imininingwane yezinsukwini zezinsukwini ngokushesha kakhulu phakathi kwezinye izindawo zokusebenza ngokusebenza ngamagama amaningi. Lokhu kuthetha ukuthi? Iziyinhlangano zezindawo zasezinsukwini azibonakali zingabizwa ngokuthi ziyizinto ezingasenzi lutho kodwa ke ziyiziqondiso ezingasenzi lutho kakhulu kwezindawo zokusebenza zasezinsukwini. Ngokuthi kunezinkimbinkimbi zokuhlanganiswa kulezi zinhlangano, izindawo zokusebenza zithola izinyathelo zokuphela kahle kwezinkinga zokusebenza, ukubona kahle kwezindawo zokuhambisa amandla ngokujabulisa, futhi nokwenza izinyathelo zokuguqula ngokuzenzakalela ukuthi kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ephakathi kwezindawo zokusebenza.

Lezi zindlela zikusiza ukwenza izinhlangano zezindawo eziphakeme zokuzenzakalekile, zizimisele ukungasebenzi kwezindawo, nokuthuthukisa ukubambisana phakathi kwezinhlangano zokusebenzisa amandla—kukusiza abasebenzi ukwenza izindlela zokuhlanza ngokohlola okuzimele okuphelela ukunciphisa izindlela zokusebenza nokunqoba isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinhlangano.