Ukukhetha i-Medium Voltage Switchgear Elingcono Kwezinhlanganiselo Zomthwakazi Wezindawo Zokusebenza

Isikhundla Semizini Nokufana Kwamandla Kuyagcina Ukukhetha i-Medium Voltage Switchgear

Ukuphanda Kwamandla Nokubeka Isikhundla Semizini Kuyagcina Izindawo Zokusebenza Emizini

Ukwanda kwabantu abathuthela emadolobheni kuye kwaholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwesidingo sikagesi ezindaweni ezinkulu zamadolobha amakhulu. Ngokombiko we-International Energy Agency wangonyaka odlule, sibona cishe amaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngaphezulu kagesi odingekayo unyaka ngamunye kulezi zindawo ezinabantu abaningi. Lokhu kubeka ingcindezi enkulu ezinhlelweni zesakhiwo esidala esasingakaze saklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kanzima kangako. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthola indawo yeziteshi ezintsha kuya kuba nzima ngoba amanani omhlaba ayaqhubeka enyuka futhi ohulumeni basekhaya banciphisa ukuthi yini engakhiwa kuphi. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngemishini yendabuko yokuhlukanisa umoya. Lezi zakhiwo ezinkulu zidinga indawo eningi, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezu kwamamitha ayishumi phakathi kwezingxenye. Lokho akusebenzi lapho izindleko zezakhiwo zifinyelela ku-$500,000 ngemitha eyisikwele noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho izinkampani eziningi zezinsiza-kuhle ziphendukela kwezinye izindlela ezincane ezinjengamasistimu agcinwe ngogesi noma agcinwe ngogesi, asindisa cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zesikhala esidingekayo. Lokhu kwenza umehluko omkhulu ngoba ukwandisa insimu entsha kusho ukukhokhela indawo eyengeziwe. Isibonelo esihle sivela esiteshini esincane saseShinagawa eTokyo, esakwazi ukuphinda kabili amandla aso ngaphandle kokuthenga indawo eyengeziwe ngokushintshela kubuchwepheshe be-GIS. Bonga cishe izigidi ezingu-20 zamadola ngemiklamo yokwandisa. Njengoba amadolobha ethu eqhubeka eqoqa abantu abaningi ezindaweni ezincane, ukuthola indlela yokusingatha konke lokhu kukhanya okungekho emthethweni ngaphandle kokuthatha indawo eningi kakhulu kuhlala kungenye yezinselelo ezinkulu abaqhubi bamandla kagesi banamuhla ababhekene nazo namuhla.

Indlela Izici Zomgwaqo Wedolobha Ezakha Ngayo Isimo Se-Medium Voltage Switchgear Form Factor Nezidingo Zokuhlanganiswa

Amanethiwekhi ekhebula angaphansi komhlaba, imisinga yamaphutha aphezulu (> 25 kA), nokusondela ezindaweni zomphakathi kubeka izimfuneko ezihlukile ze-switchgear yasemadolobheni. Izici zefomu ziguqukela ekujuleni okuncane (<1.5 m), imiklamo ye-modular enokugcinwa kokufinyelela ngaphambili ukuze ivumelane nama-vault angaphasi kanye namagumbi amancane. Izidingo zokuhlanganiswa zihlanganisa:

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yokudlulisa kufanele ihlangane nezinhlelo ze-smart grid ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ezifakiwe kanye nezinqubo zokuxhumana ze-IEC 61850 ezenza kube nokwenzeka ukuxilongwa okukude nge-SCADA futhi kunciphise ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla ezindaweni ezixineneyo. Ukuhlangana kokusebenza kahle kwendawo nokulungela ukufakwa kwedijithali kwenza imishini yokudlulisa amandla kagesi ophakathi ibe yindawo ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwenethiwekhi yasemadolobheni.

I-GIS, i-AIS, ne-SIS: Ukuqhathanisa Amatheknoloji Wokuxhuma Amandla Amaphakathi Wokuxhuma Amandla Amaphakathi

Ukuthembeka, Ukuphepha, Nokusebenzisa Isikhala Ngokuhlakanipha: Ukuqhathanisa Okuqondile

Izinhlelo zikagesi emadolobheni zidinga izixazululo ze-switchgear eziletha ukulinganisela okuhle phakathi kokusebenza okuthembekile, ukuphepha kwabasebenzi nokusetshenziswa kahle kwendawo elinganiselwe. Izikhiphi ezivalelwe umoya zithembele emoyeni ovamile njengento yokuvikela, okusho ukuthi iziteshi ezincane zidinga indawo eningi ukuze zikwazi ukuvala kahle. Enye indlela iwukusebenzisa imishini yokuhlukanisa igesi ehlanganisa konke ngaphakathi kwezikhwama zegesi ezinesibabule, okuvumela ukuba kufakwe izinto ezincane kakhulu enkabeni yezindawo zasemadolobheni. Kukhona futhi isiguquli esiqinile esivalekile esenziwe ngezinto ze-epoxy resin esisebenza kahle ngokombono wemvelo, nakuba singasindisi isikhala esiningi njengenguqulo yegesi. Lezi zinketho ezihlukahlukene zinokuvumelana kwazo uma kuhlelwa amaphrojekthi esakhiweni sikagesi esimanje.

I-GIS inciphisa izidingo zesikhala ngo-70% uma iqhathaniswa ne-AIS ngenkathi igcina ukuvikelwa okuphezulu kwe-arc-fault. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lokuklama iziteshi eziphansi luqinisekisa ukuthi i-GIS ifinyelela ukuthembeka kokusebenza okungu-99.8% ezindaweni ezinomthamo omkhulu lapho ukuphazamiseka kubiza khona u- $ 740k / ihora (Ponemon 2023).

Kungani i-GIS iyisixazululo esihamba phambili se-Medium Voltage Switchgear se-Space-Constrained Urban Environments

I-Gas Insulated Switchgear isibe yisixazululo esiyisisekelo sokufakwa kwamadolobha ngoba inikeza amandla okuphepha okuhlukile futhi igcina izinto ziphephile. Le mishini inezingxenye ezivaliwe ze-SF6 ezivimbela ukungcola nomswakama ukuba zingene ngaphakathi, ngaphezu kwalokho zingakwazi ukubhekana nanoma yini eziyiswayo njengezikhukhula, iziphepho zothuli, noma ngisho nomonakalo owenziwe ngamabomu okubaluleke kakhulu uma zifakwa ngaphansi kwenhlabathi noma ekujuleni kwezakhiwo. Okwenza i-GIS ivelele ukuthi incane kangakanani uma iqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezivamile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi onjiniyela bangakwazi ukuyisebenzisa kahle ezakhiweni ezikhona ngaphandle kokuthenga impahla entsha, okusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi kagesi kulo lonke idolobha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba isebenza kahle nezinhlelo ze-SCADA zokuqapha ukude, ochwepheshe akudingeki bayihlole njalo ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi lapho kungase kube nzima khona ukufinyelela kuyo. Uma sibheka phambili, njengoba abantu abaningi bethuthela emadolobheni futhi izidingo zikagesi ziqhubeka zikhuphuka, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-GIS ifaka ngokushesha ngamaphesenti angu-40 futhi igcina amaphesenti angu-30 ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela ngokusho kocwaningo olushicilelwe yi-IET ngo-2023. Lezi zinzuzo azigcini nje ngokwenza kube ngcono kwezobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi kuhlakaniphe kwezomnotho emadolobheni akhulayo azama ukwandisa amandla awo kagesi ngendlela eqhubekayo.

Imibono Yokuphatha Okuphelele Kwezinkampani Zokugcina I-Current Ezingaphansi Kwemithombo Yezindawo Zokusebenza

Ukukhathala Kwemilayili Yokugcina I-Current Nokufaneleka Ngezindlela Zokuphatha Izindawo Zokusebenza

Izinsimbi zokushintsha ezisetshenziswa emadolobheni zidinga ukuvikelwa okuqinile ekulimaleni kwe-arc. Amazinga okushisa phakathi nemibiko ye-arc flash angafika ngaphezu kuka-35,000 degrees Fahrenheit, okwenza kube izindawo eziyingozi kakhulu lapho abantu abaningi behlala futhi besebenza khona. Imishini yanamuhla iqukethe izinto ezikhethekile ezingamelana ne-arc kanye nezinhlelo zokunciphisa ingcindezi eziqondisa amandla okuqhuma kude nabasebenzi abangase babe seduze. Ukulandela izindinganiso ezinjenge-IEC 62271-200 ne-IEEE C37.20.7 akuseyona into ongakhetha kuyo, ikakhulukazi uma sibheka ukuthi lezi zigigaba zibiza amabhizinisi isilinganiso esingu-$740,000 njalo ngokusho kocwaningo lwePonemon Institute lonyaka odlule. Ngaphandle nje kokuvimbela ukwehluleka okukodwa ukuba kungasabalali kulo lonke uhlelo, lezi zinguquko ekuhlelweni zisiza izinkampani ukuba zigcine imithetho eqinile yokuphepha evame kakhulu kumaphrojekthi kagesi asemadolobheni.

Ukulungela i-Smart Grid: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-SCADA, Ukusebenza Okude, Nokuqapha Kwedijithali

Izinkampani zokugcina imvume yemitha yezindawo eziphakeme kufanele zinikeze ukugcina ngokuphelele nesistimu yokuqonda nokubhalisa (SCADA). Ukubhalisa ngokushesha ngamaphethini we-IoT ayisiza ekubaleni phambili, kubeka ubuncinane be-urban grid bengaphezu kwe-45%. Izinkampani zokusebenza ngendlela eyisodwa zibeka umsebenzisi emlandweni ongenakwenzeka ngokuphakeme uma kususwa isistimu yomkhosi. Hlola lezi zinkampani zokugcina eziningi:

Le sisitimu yedijithali iyagcina izinkampani zokugcina njengezinhlangano zomkhosi ezinamandla, ibeka amandla okuphatha izinhlangano zokuload ngokushesha uma kunezinhlangano eziningi zomkhosi wase-urban.

Isirhino sokuthenga kanye nokubaluleka kwezikhathi ezide kwezindawo zomkhosi zase-urban zokuphakama

Ukubheka izinketho zezingxenyekazi zamandla kagesi eziphakathi kwamandla kagesi emadolobheni agcwele abantu kusho ukubheka okungaphezu nje kwalokho okuthile okubiza khona uma kuthengwa okusha. Ukufakwa ngokwako ngokuvamile kugcina kubiza kakhulu kunemishini ngokwayo ngezinye izikhathi kusebenza kabili noma kathathu ngenxa yazo zonke izinhlungu zekhanda zokuthutha kanye nesidingo sezisebenzi ezikhethekile eziwaziyo umsebenzi wazo. Izindawo zasemadolobheni zinenselele eyingqayizivele futhi umsebenzi wokulungisa ngokuvamile ubiza imali engaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-35 uma uqhathaniswa nalabo abasemaphethelweni edolobha lapho isikhala singesilinganiselwe khona. Ukuthi into inokwethenjelwa kangakanani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubaluleke ngempela ezindlekweni eziphelele. Ukuphazamiseka okukodwa ezindaweni ezibalulekile ohlelweni kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu okulinganiselwa cishe emalini eyizigidi ezingu-740 ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe yiPonemon emuva ngo-2023. Yingakho ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha obuhlakaniphile benza umehluko omkhulu ngoba buvumela opharetha ukuba balungise izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke futhi buye banciphise ukuvalwa okungazelelwe cishe ngesigamu ezimweni eziningi. Kunoma ubani okhetha imishini yokudlulisela ukwaziswa kulezi zinsuku, izici ezithile zokuklama kufanele nakanjani zize kuqala.

• Izinkhulu zokufaka kwe-moduli ukwenza ukulungisa kubalulekile
• Amathuluzi okulungisa ngaphandle kwendawo
• Imikhala yokuqhubeka kwezilungiselelo eziyisikhiwe

Ukuhlakanipha kokulungiswa kubalulekile kumaziko apho kuyasebenza ngamahora angu-24/7, okuphakathi kwezinye iziphakamiso zokuthengiselwa emva kwezinye (TCO), njengoba kubonisiwe ngemiphakathi yezinsukwane eziyisikhombisa ukuthi izimodeli ezinokuhlakanipha kubalulekile kubonisa ukuthi izindlela zokuthengiselwa zizingu-22% ngaphezulu noma kunezidingo eziningi kusukela kuqala.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

I-Switchgear yomthubi wokugcina yini?

I-Switchgear yomthubi wokugcina yisifundo esisetshenziswa ukugcina nokuhambisa umoya wokusebenza kumaziko amadoda, esinamakhetho njengezifundo zokugcina ngamafutha (AIS), zokugcina ngogas (GIS), nezifundo zokugcina ngomthubi wokugcina (SIS).

Kungani ukuthi ukugcina isikhundla kubalulekile kumaziko amadoda?

Ukugcina isikhundla kubalulekile ngokwesilinganiso sokuthengiselwa kwesikhundla kanye nokuthi akukho isikhundla esingafihliwe kumaziko amadoda, okuvumela ukuthi abantu bafuna izifundo ezincane njenge-GIS.

I-GIS ibenefitha kanjani umoya wokusebenza kumaziko amadoda?

IGS ibonakalisa ukuthi kuyasebenza kahle kakhulu ekunciphiseni kwezindawo zokugcina nokubaluleka, futhi kuyisifundo esihle kwezindawo eziphakeme ngokuphakeme kwezindawo zokudla ngezindawo ezincane, ezinamandla, nezindlela zokusebenza ezincane kokuzilungiselela.

Ukuthi ukwakha kwesikhathi esisheshayo kwenza yini umsebenzi kwezinkampani zokuguqula okwamanje?

Ukwakha kwesikhathi esisheshayo ngokuxhumana ne-SCADA nezisensha ze-IoT kusiza ekukwenzeni kwezilungiselelo zokuzilungisa ngaphambi kokuba kufanele kwenziwe, nokusebenzisa isikhathi sokusebenza ngaphandle kwekhaya, okunciphisa ukungasebenzi kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.

Izinkinga zezindawo zokudla ziyathatha kanjani ukwakha kwezinkampani zokuguqula?

Izinkinga zezindawo zokudla zikubiza ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe iziguquko njengezindlela zokusebenza ezibhekene ngaphambili, ukulungiswa kwezindawo zokudla ngokwesithembiso, nokugcina kwezindlela zokuguqula zokuhlanza ukuthi kubhekene nezidingo zokuvikela abantu nabantu nokunciphisa izindawo.