Isitasiyoni: Izindlela Ezibalulekileyo Ukuthuthukisa Ubunzima Ne-Efficiency Yemithambo

Kungani Ukubuyekezwa Kwesitasiyoni Yindawo Ebalulekileyo Yokuthuthukisa Ubunzima Bemithambo

Cabanga ngeziteshi ezingaphansi njengengqondo yezingosi zethu zikagesi, eziphatha konke kusukela ekushintsheni kwamandla kagesi kuya ekulinganiseni imithwalo nasekugcineni amaphutha ukuze singalahlekelwa amandla ngokungalindelekile. Kodwa nakhu inkinga: iningi lalezi zakhiwo selidlulile eminyakeni yalo emihle, elakhiwa emuva lapho izinto zazimane zilula. Manje sebehlushwa yizinto eziningi ezintsha ezifunwayo kuhlanganise nezimoto zikagesi ezilayishwayo yonke indawo, amapaneli elanga abonakala ezindongeni, nezimo zezulu eziyinhlekelele ezivame kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Imishini emidala ayinakho ukubhekana namandla avela emithonjeni emincane evuselelekayo. Futhi ake sibhekane nakho, akekho ofuna ukuchitha imali elungisa okuthile kuze kube yilapho sekuphelile ngokuphelele, okusho ukuthi izinkinga ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapho isiteshi esiphansi siwela phansi, asithinti indawo eyodwa kuphela kodwa singashaya yonke indawo, futhi ngokusho kocwaningo lwePonemon Institute lonyaka odlule, ukucima umlilo okukodwa okukhulu kubiza izinkampani zamandla kagesi cishe u-$740,000. Yilapho ubuchwepheshe besimanje buwusizo khona. Ukufaka izinhlelo ezinjenge-SCADA kuvumela opharetha ukuba bagcine isimo semishini njalo, ngaphezu kwalokho kunezixhumi eziphambili namathuluzi okuhlakanipha okufakelwa asiza ukubikezela ukwehluleka ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Lezi zinguquko zenza izingxenye ezazingashintshi zesistimu zibe izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezivikela ngempela ekuphazamisekeni. Uma singalutholi lolu hlobo lokuthuthuka, wonke ugesi wethu uyohlala usengozini, ubeke izibhedlela engozini phakathi neziphepho futhi ubangele izinhlungu ezinkampanini ezincike ekuphakelweni kukagesi okuzinzile, ikakhulukazi lezo eziqhuba izikhungo ezinkulu zedatha ezingapheli.

Izinsizakalo Zokubaluleka Kwesibonelo Sokugcina: Ukuziphatha Ngokwezinye, Ukubaluleka, Nokwazi

Ukuguqula Kwesibonelo Sokugcina Ngendlela Yedijithali Nokuhlanganiswa Kwe-IEC 61850

Izisitayela zesitha zezindaba zibuyisela umsebenzi ngokukhishela izihlangu sezinkampani zezincwadi zezinkampani ngezihlangu zesifuba nasezihlangu se-Ethernet. Lokhu kubiza konke lezi zinhlelo zezindaba zokuziphatha zizungulwe ngokushesha kwenye yazo yonke isistimu. Kunezinto ezithi IEC 61850 ezenza njengolimi olujabulisayo lokho konke kusukela emaphethelini okuhlinzekisa kuze kumetri nezinhlelo zokuphatha ozakwenziwa ngamakhambani amabili. Akunakho ukuphendula kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokufana! Abalimi bafuna lokhu ngoba abangazihlukanise ngokuphendula kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokufana. Ngokwesifundo sesikhathi, lezi zizindlela zinakubringa izindlela zokuthenga ngaphezu kwe-30% futhi zinakunciphisa ukuthi kubhekwe kwezinkinga ngokushesha. Uma kusebenziswa izihlangu zokusebenza, izihlangu zizodlula ngokushesha futhi. Ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa zinakubringa ukunciphisa ukuthi kubhekwe kwezinkinga ngaphezu kwe-70%. Lokhu linakubiza ukuthi kungakwaziwa ukudala izindlela zokuthenga zezindaba zokusebenza zokufana nesilika zokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthinteka kwesikhumba sokuphatha ngokuphelele ukuthi kwenziwe indawo yokudala izinhlelo ezintsha.

Ukuthuthukisa Kwesikhundla Sasezulwini Okuphatha Ukuthiwa Kwezinsizakwane Zokuphuma Kwemithambo

Ngokwesifundo sika-Department of Energy esayiswe ngo-2023, ngokuphakeme kwezinkulungwane ezine (40%) zezinkinga zezikhundla zokugcina umoya emhlabeni wonke ziyasukela kwezimo zokuphefumula okwengeziwe. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izimpahla zezimboni zingathandaza kakhulu ekuthengiseni izinto ezibalulekile zokuguqula futhi nokuthenga izindlela eziphucuke zokusebenza kwezikhundla zabo. Uma kufundwa ngokwesithembiso sokufuna, abalimi baphakamisa izinto ebalulekile kude kwezimo zokufuna okuzoba yizimo eziphakeme kwezinye izindawo. Ezinye izikhundla zihlala ziyasebenzisa izibhokisi ezisemthembekile zokufuna ezifanayo nezisebenzisa kwezikhundla zokufuna. Kuma zikhalipha, kubonakala ukuthi kuyabhekwa ngokuvamile ukuthi kubhishelwe amakhemikhali okuphefumula kwezinto zokusebenza, kubhishelwe amakhemikhali kwezilayini zokuhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi uma kusenzeka, futhi kubhishelwe izisensha eziphucuke esinokubona izinyathelo zokuphefumula ngokwesiqondiso sezinsiza zokuphefumula. Futhi ngaphezu kokuguqula kwezikhundla zokusebenza, izikhundla ezinye zisebenzisa isoftwe yokuchazwa kwezimo zokuphefumula ngokushesha okunqamuka ngokuzenzakale umkhakha wokusebenza phambi kokuphefumula okukhulu kwezindawo zokufuna. Umphahla wokusebenza wamshado wabona ukuthi kubeka kancane kwezinkinga zokusebenza ngokushesha kwezinkulungwane zokuphefumula ngokuphakeme kwezinkulungwane ezimbili (2/3) ngokusebenzisa lezi zindlela zokwenza ngokuzenzakale.

Ukuphatha Kwemithambo Yokuqondisa Ngokusebenzisa i-AI nokubhekisisa Ngokushesha Kwezinhloso Zokusebenza Emaphakathini

Izikhululi zezinhloso zimanzi ezibaleni eziphakeme zimanzi ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibaleni ezibal......

Ukuguquleka kwe-Datha ye-SCADA ne-PMU kuMnukano othintelayo

Ukulawula Kuphumelelayo Kwemvumelelo Nekwamukela Idatha (SCADA) namathikili ekuqikekeni phasor (PMUs) akhiwa kakhulu kudatha lokusebenza. I-AI iguqule le datha engcwele kuze kube yindlela ethembekile yokusebenzisa ngokulandelayo:

• Ukugcina okungahleli : Ukubona izinkinga zokuthinta kwevholthi noma amandla ethermal
• Ukuchungechungeza ukuhlukumeza : Ukuchungechungeza ukusheshiswa kwesilinda se-circuit breakers 3–6 izinyanga ngaphambi kokuhlukumeza
• Ukulungiselela Kwizimboni : Ukuhlukanisa izenzo zokulungiselela ngokuzithoba nokuthinta kwezimali

Izinhlelo zokubala ezide empilweni zixhoshana imfundo yesivinini se-SCADA ngedatha yofuqu lwe-PMU ukuze zilungise izenzo eziphethwe—njengekukalibhirena kabusha amarelays akulungisa phambi kokuba kuthintele izinkinga zovoltage. Lokhu kuyishintsha indiza ukulawula kususela ekulawuleni emva kokuthinta ekusebenzisweni iqiniso, likhupha iviki yesistimu yasekhalini ngo-30% emakhundleni apho iklima libophelela.

Imiphumela yokusebenza nokulawula emshinjeni wezivumelwano kumsebenzi wesikhangeli

Izikhululo ezimodernizwe zenhlekeleli zakhuphula ubungako bezinhlekeleli ngokuzenzakala kanye nokubamba iqiniso ngemini. Ukugcina kwizinkinga ngendlela ezenzekelayo kuvumela ukuthembeka okusobala—kukhubaza izikhathi zokungasebenzi futhi kube yinkulu imisebenzi yabantu. Leliqiniso likafaka futhi ukufakwa kwezimali ezibuyiselwayo ngokulungisa isilinganiso se-solar nase-wind ngendlela ethintangaye futhi kube yinkulu ukuchithwa kwezinhlekeleli.

Ukuqonda ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe izimiso zokuzisa ngokushesha kuyasebenza kakhulu manje. I-FERC ne-NERC zibhekise izimiso ezithintana ubukhulu bezindawo zokusebenza ngezinkinga zomali — amakhasi ayaboniswa uma kwenziwa ngokuphelele, futhi abanobubi obubanzi uma bahlukile. Amakhasi okuhlanza amandla othola izinkampani ezisetyenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlola kabefore ukuthi kubhekwe isibonelo esihlukile, njengokuhlola kabefore nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlanza amandla e-dijithali, bafunda ukuthi bavumelwe ngokuphelele futhi bavumelwe ukuthola imali eyengeziwe ekubeni kubhekwe ukuthi kuyaboniswa ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kubhekwe ukuthi kuy......

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izinkinga eziphikisana nezindawo zokuhlanza amandla ezikhundla zokuzisa ziziphi?

Amasubstation okuphela ayaphila ukufika emazwini amasha njengekukhulula kwe-vehicle yezimoto zokusebenza ngemvelo (EV), ukugxila kwamapaneli wokusebenza ngemvelo, nokuziphatha kwezimo zokuphefumula kakhulu.

Ubunini bezinto ezisebenzayo buphi ekuthinteni kwezinkundla zokuhlelwa kwamasubstation?

Ukuhlelwa kwamasubstation kubonakala ngokusebenzisa izinto ezifana nezinkundla zokuphathwa kwezinto (SCADA), isikhundla sesiqhelo sokuhlelwa kwamasubstation, ukugxila kwe-IEC 61850, izihlangu zesihlangu, izihlangu zesihlangu, izinkundla zokusebenza ngokomlando (AI), nokuhlelwa kwezinto zokuvikela phansi kwamazimo okuphefumula.

Ukuthi i-AI isenzi ntoni ekuphathweni kwezinto zokuhlelwa ngokucindeze kwezinkundla zokuhlelwa?

I-AI isebenza ngokusebenzisa imininingwane yekusebenza kwangaphambilini nezindlela zokufunda ngokushesha ukuthi izinto zizobuka ngaphambi kokuba zibuke. Lokhu kusiza ekupheleni kwesikhundla sezinto, kunciphisa ukungabonakali kwezinkundla, futhi kufika emakholweni amaningi ekuphathweni kwezinto.

Kungani ukuthi ukuphatha ngokulinganisa nomthetho kubalulekile ekuthinteni kwezinkundla zokuhlelwa?

Ukuxhasana kwezimfuneko kuyaphatha ububi bokusebenza kumsebenzi wemali, kubamba izinkampani ezingenako imikhuba futhi kubekezela izindleko kuzo ezidingekileyo. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukuthuthwa kuteknoloji yokuphathiswa ukuze kube yisikhathi esisha nokwazelela kwesithuthi.