Yaya za a iya gwagwarmayar Farafara Na ‘Yan Elektariku?

Fahimtar Ofofin Giniyar Wani Fuse Testing

Ma'anar da Wakilan Testin Performance na Giniyar Wani Fuse

Yi testaun farko na alwannin voltage yana nuna yadda suke aiki ta hanyar dubawa abubuwan kamar yadda keke tsayin insulation, idan keke samun daurewa a cikin circuits, da sauya yadda keke aiki masu amintam samin halartarwa don samfurin da ke aiki ne ya fi 1,000 volts AC ko 1,500 volts DC. Wadannan testo suna faruwa a wadansu mabanen lokuta inclusive of lokacin da samfura tafi dake factory (wasu suna kira shi FATs), yayin da aka kafa masa amfani, da kuma a lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi don tabbatar da dukkan abubuwa sun dace da abin da aka design. Abin da aka furta ne daga NETA a shekara ta 2022 ya faɗi cewa takaitaccen 8 daga cikin 10 masallaci na elektric na sarayi suna da wuyan farko ne a cikin wadannan alwanni domin test ba a yi ba ko kuma sai an kirkasa su. Wannan yana bada dalilin muhimmiyar testaun daidai a cikin amfanin na musamman.

Muhimmancin Manzoni: Amintam, Daidaito, da Kauyen IEC 61439

Wadannan bincike suna da dukko uku na manzonin:

• AMANI : Gano abubuwan da zasu haifar da sauya electric (arc flash) da kuma kuskuren insulation kafin a kirkirshi
• Dawo : Kwado da kare shiga kwana a lokacin da keke tsere shiga kwana
• Takamatawa : Amincewa da standaɗin IEC 61439 don matattun karfi da yawa kuma taimakawa mai nisa (°70°C ga alwatika na kashe a lokacin da keke tsere shiga kwana)

Fotoshin harshen kuwa da ma'auni na saukunan zafi ana amfani da su ne a yaukai ta mafarkin sarrafa don samun wadannan manufa.

Rolin gwagwarmaya a cikin kwado da performance na dugon gaske na fanelolin da ke da voltage mai ƙarfi

Lokacin 2023 na IEEE ya nuna cewa gwagwame mai shekaru ya kara kansa matsala ta 62%. Dukkanin abubuwan da ke mahimmanci sun hada da tabbatar da torque na annabawa ta shekara ta amfani da kayan aiki da aka kwayo, da kuma dubawa ta infrared don gano dabarren da ke kama. Alamar da ke bi program din canzawa na shekaru 5 ga circuit breakers sun hada da matsalolin da ba za su fara ba ta 40% karanci ga alamar da ke amfani da gwagwamen da ba su dace ba.

Albabban gwagwame kafin gwaddawa da tabbatar da kwamfuta na fanelolin da ke da voltage mai ƙarfi

Dubawa na albishin kuma dubawa na karshe kafin a kunna sistema

Yi magana a karkashin alawa kan kwanyar gini mai tsananin voltage, tabbatar da:

• Babu dumi ko garuruwa a cikin tsaunuka mai tsibiran busbar (dawo da ≥ 0.2 mm farance saboda makoƙin shiga lafiya masu zaman kansu)
• Alamar torque na kwayar ta dace da shawaraɗɗan mayar shi (±5% iyaka)
• Alamar warna da hududun arc flash suna a cikin nuna clearly bisa NFPA 70E

Tabbatar da saituna circuit breaker bayan sakawa

Yi amfani da wasan na godiya don tabbatarwa:

1. Daidaiton ilimin instantaneous yana dace da takaitaccen lissafi (masu amfani 800–1200% na sauke na amper masu izinin)
2. Saitunan long-delay suna dace da saukein amper na conductor na sama bisa NEC 240.4(D)

Saitunan breaker maras rahama bayan sakauna suna yi wajen 34% na kuskuren kwanyo, bisa ma'auni a shekarar 2023.

Tabbatar da continuation da ingancin yanayin hanyoyin salama

Yi testin tsararen alamuwar kariya ta amfani da kayan kayan 50Hz AC, tare da tabbatar da cewa zafi bai yi karfi 0.1Ω a IEC 61439-1. Tabbata wadannan batutuwa:

• Tsaro na kuskuren arziki ya fara a cikin 0.5–1.5 seconds, tare da sake tsakanin yanzu zuwa ≤30V
• Fusayar aljibba suka nuna zafi mai yawa daƙiƙan 5mA a lokacin gwagwarmayar insulation na 1000V DC
• Alamun haɗawayen suna da zafi mai yawa daƙiƙan 0.01Ω a karkashin haɗuwa

Karin Elektriko don Gano Idofoin Low Voltage Circuit Breaker

Gano mai kyau na low voltage circuit breakers yana bukatar uku ma'auni masu mahimmanci wanda yana kiyaye ingancin standar IEC 61439 yayin da ke taimakawa a dusta abincin amintamai da tsawon shekaru na nisa.

Gano na Insulation Resistance da Dielectric Strength a cikin Low Voltage Panels

Gano na insulation resistance yana amfani da megohmmeters don gano kyaukaka na dielectric ta hanyar guro da leakage currents. Gano na dielectric strength yana sanya hada zuwa 3.5 kV don warware shuka a cikin insulation bushe ayyuka. Wannan tsarin biyu ana awwantar da shi don dawo da hududun insulation mai qiyas a lokacin da ke da juyawa sosai da kuma kiyaye tsawon zaman kansu.

Gano na Aiki ne a lokacin da ke da Kuskuren Koƙin

Yin amfani da sauraran da suka fi 300% na mahimmancin yana nufin kwatanta ayyukan kuskuren kari, wato sabon karuwa, ko kuskuren kari, wanda ke kawo zuwa ma'auni mai zurfi, idan aka kwatanta aƙalla 50 millisecond. Wannan test din na iya fayyacewa abubuwan da za su barcin ko kuskuren kari zai haɗa da sauran kuskure masu dadi, wanda ya bada ra'ayi game da aiki na kuskuren kari a cikin sharuddan da ke faruwa.

Gwagwarmayar Trip Unit da Kwatantar Nisa Na Aiki

Gwagwarmayar alamar elektromechanical ko digital yana taimakawa wajen saukar da aikin kuskuren kari. Test din na injection na gwagwarme saituna da tsauraran ±3% bisa ga shawara ta mai tsaro. Gwagwarmayar sifa ta kawo ƙaryar karuwa sai dai yana garcewa rashin karuwa akan karuwa a cikin 0.5 cycles yayin kuskuren kari mai zurfi.

Tattaunawar Aiki Base Kan Load: Kwatantar Dutsen Voltage da Test din Masu Iko Na Uku

Muhimmancin Load a Lokacin Test din Elektrikal don Tattaunawar Aiki Mai Kyau

Za a iya nemo kuskuren da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin nemo kuskuren voltage da masu abin gaskiya na iko. Bayanin testing ba zai nuna kuskure kan haɗin, girman alawa, da tsinkin aikace-aikace ba. Alakari tested at 75–100% na girman da aka ambata yana nuna 40% mai hanyar nemo kuskuren (Rapportin Tattaunawar Iko na Elekutrunik, 2023).

Gama-Garin Voltage a Cikin Alakari Na Iko Karanci Lokacin Amfani

Don gama-gari daidaiton voltage drop, saiki load na ukuwa na alakar da aka design dake yawa kuma amfani da digital voltmeter wanda ya taru da kyau (true RMS) a wuraren da suke muhimci. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin alamar masu alamar, testing dole ne ya hada maƙalar da duk lokacin da aka ambata da kuma lokacin da aka rage don samun performance na iyaka. Don noma 400V, wadannan suna wuraren da ake gama-gari su:

Ƙididdigar Da aka Kwado Ga Kudaden Voltage Saboda Guideline na IEC 60364-6

IEC 60364-6 yana nuna cewa kudaden voltage ba zai yi karanci 3% daga kayan aikin zuwa safin gudunan da aka ambata, tare da kududen mai nauyi na 5% a tsawon aikin. Yin karancewa da wadannan ƙididdiga yana nuna cewa wasu alamun suna da wani abu mai mahimmanci kamar alamun da ba su da girman da ake bukata, alamu mai kyau ko balansin phase—abubuwan da ke iya haifar da 22% na kuskuren panel na sarayya (Taswirar Tattara, 2024).

Tushe Na Amsawa: Gano Cukokin Kudaden Voltage a cikin Panelin Low Voltage na Sarayya

Wani sharafin sarayya ya bayyana cewa akwai kudaden voltage na 8.2% a cikin tsari na 250A yayin aikin. Bayan bin godiya da aliyar amincewar ayyuka, masu aikin suka samo jerin busbar da suka faru da alama mai kyau ko alama da bai da girman da ake bukata. Ayyukan da aka yi—sauran kaɗawa ta hanyar amfani da infrared guidance da canzawa ga alamu mai girman girman—su ka koma kudaden zuwa 2.1% kuma suka inganta tattarar amfanin kewaye ta 9%.

Alamun Digital da Hanyoyin Amincewar Ayyuka Don Panelolin Low Voltage

Alamtar Aiki na Digital: Multimeters, Clamp Meters, Megohmmeters, da Power Quality Analyzers

Gama-gamin ilmin kimiyya a yau suna tare da alamar da ke tsada: multimeters na digital suna ba da saukin gama-gama da tsada zuwa zuwa ±0.5% a cikin gama-gama voltage da current; clamp meters suna ba da damar yin nemo tasowa ga load ba tare da shigo; megohmmeters suna tabbatar da saukin zama mai dadi (insulation resistance) mai karfi zuwa 1 MΩ, wanda ya dace da sharuɗɗan IEC 61439; power quality analyzers suna neman juyawa (harmonics) da transients wanda ke iya ruwa da efficiency na panel ta hanyar 15% a wajen yanayin masana’antar.

Sensors na Smart da Haɗin IoT a Cikin Gama-Garin Zukowa (Predictive Maintenance) na Switchgear na Voltage Tali

Thermal sensors da current monitors da ke yanar IoT suna baiwa bayani na real-time game da girman harshen buƙata (contact temperatures) da kayan load. Wani tadon 2025 ya bada cewa wasu aikace-aikacen suna ruwa da cutar outages ta hanyar 40% tare da neman farko na harshen da ke wuya (abnormal heating). Samfurin cloud suna amfani da bayanan da aka adana domin neman wear na circuit breaker, wanda ya ba da damar aikawa a lokacin da aka shigar da downtime ba ne a lokacin daraja.

Yin hada plan na Iyoncin Ayyukan Hayar Hanyar Amfani don Samun Aiki mai dabe-daben na Najeriya ta Yanki Tali

Wani tsarin da ke kama yawa yana ƙara bayanin gwaji, tallafin tallafi, da wasu manufar karatu. Wani uwar hannu mahaifin uku masu inganci sun haɗa:

1. Gwaji na farko a lokacin saita
2. Tallafin infrared kowace kwartal
3. Tabbatar da tsaro mai tsauraran kowace shekara

Wasu alakari da ke amfani da softekwaren tallafi sun autotize bukata tallafi kuma su duba kama yawa mai zama, sun kashe kuduren abokin gina ta hanyar 28% dibu da tallafin yaya. Lokacin da aka haɗa shi da tsarin dubawa na elektrik, wannan tsarin yana kama tallafi da zama mai kyau na kayan aikin bane da lokuta masu dabi’i.

Masu Sabon Gaba (FAQ)

Shin menene gwaji na najeriya ta yanki tali?

Gwaji na najeriya ta yanki tali ya dora gwajawa kan wasu alakari da ke aiki ta hanyar 1,000 volts AC ko 1,500 volts DC don tabbatar da aikintansu, kariya, da kuma kaiwa da standardizu.

Wanne ne iyaka mai tsauri na gwajiyan najeriya ta yanki tali?

Yin lissafi suna da mahimmanci saboda cewa kusan 80% na masalolin karkashin kasuwanci su dake tsawonon lissafin ko sauya shafuka. Lissafin daidai yana buƙatar amintam, amincewa, da bin gidajen alhassanin halayyensa.

Wanne ne gurbin da ke nuna lissafin shafukan voltage mai ƙarfi?

Lissafin yana da waje ne a IEC 61439 gurbin, tare da fokos da amintam, amincewa, da zurfuna a cikin kayan aikin.

Yaya an samun tasowa ta hanyar ayyukan gyara-gyaran da ke da waje aiki kan aiki na shafukan?

Iyakar ayyukan gyara-gyara zasuo daya da raba abubuwan da ba za a iya warware sune 62% kuma su taimaka wajen kula da kuskuren kasa ta hanyar bin shawarar da aka ambata, tare da buƙatar dubawa da zamantakewa na kayan aikin.