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Amasimu Esendle Sokusebenza Esimweni
Amasistimu Ase-SCADA Yokuphatha Indlela Yezilimi
Amasistimu ye-SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) zingaphambili yophandlekhi yophakathi lokusebenza kwezikhatsi ezintathu kwiqembu lemfundzwana. Zihlaleni ukubheka, ukuhlanganisa nokuhlela idatha eliphambili lokusukela kwezinye izinhlelo zezikhatsi, ngokuyingxenyeka ukudumelela nokuthola ukuphatha. Lomthezi luhlaza phambili lokulandelayo lokusebenza kwezikhatsi kunoma uphinde ulandelayo lokuvuleka amakhono okanye lokufinyelela ukwenza amakhombiselo angaphambili lokusebenza kwezinhlelo zezikhatsi kunye nokuba ngenkinga yokwenzela amakhathalenti. Ngokushesha, iindaba zakho zithetha ukuthi ukugcina amasistimu ka-SCADA akukho isixa elandelwayo lokuncedwa kwamandla yokungabiko emanzini ngokunikezelwa imibuzo esincane nokuba kuhlela amakhombiselo amangaphambili.
Izinto eseyisisekelo kwe-SCADA ngokwesobunye kwiqhama lezi zintsha ezintathu ngenxa yokuba iyaphumelela amasistimu asesayithi aseziphumuleyo okusebenzisa ukuphatha nokuthuthukisa umoya wokususela nokuhlola. Amasistimu akhiwe ngokulungile nezi zinto ezinnye ezintathu eziziphumela, uzokusetyenziswa nokugcina ukusetshenziswa kwesihloko. Isibonelo sifika ngeentsha eziphumuleyo ezinikezela i-SCADA, ababuyekezela babhekisele izimbali zokusebenza zokuthi ziyahlula imigomo yokususela nokuhlola, ukuze kufanele kulandele ekuzenzakalelayo nokuhlola olunemva lokho. Ngoko ke, i-SCADA amasistimu ayikhwethwa ngaphandle kokuthi bayenza ukuthi bengxenye yokuphatha nokuhlola elungileyo lokubheka ifomu lwekhabine.
Amadevayisi Engumbi Ekhangelwe (IEDs) Kwiphaliso Lwemoya
Amadevise yemali elikhulu (Intelligent Electronic Devices - IEDs) ziphumelela ngokubulawa kuhlukezela nokuhlola ngaphakathi komakhaya esimngeni. Le amadevise, njenge relays kunye nemitha, zikhona ukuthi zingcabango lomphilo wegrid kunye nokukhetha amakhombheni okanye olungakhetho lokusebenza ukuze liqaphe isistimu sikhohlwe kunye nesibonelo. Ama IEDs abhalale kahle ne SCADA systems, aphoqele idatha elikhulu osebenzayo lokususa ukumehlana nokuthola kanye nokuba kuhlukezela okushesha kwesilondolozi somphilo wemali.
Ukuphumelela kwama IEDs kukhona kakhulu ngokuxoxwa, ngenxa yalokho amasuthe angahlala ukuthi bayezi khona ukwenza ukudibanisa umphilo wegrid kunye nokuhlola okufanele. Ngiyinye iindlela, usizo lwe relays olunempumelelo ngokwesigaba sesimali semphakathini wesimanje kunye nokugcina lesihlahla, sivele ukungasebenzi kakhulu lokusebenzisa amafayile yesihlahla kunye nokuthi kuhlanganisiwe imizuzwana yokuthola. Lendlela lekhetho kubangela ukuthi ama IEDs azikhubazekile ukuyongeza izinhlobo ezintsha zomphakathi kunye nokuthola ukuthi umphilo wamalili wakhiwe ngokukhonzwa.
Amanethi Wendawo Yokuqala
Amaphumeleli amabili okuthuthukisa kwezikheli zokuhlola amandla, ngenxa yalokho kuzo ziqale izindlela ezidingekayo ukusetyenziswa kwesikhephe sokuqala sokuhlola. Izikheli eziqhutywa zihleke amandla nokuhlola kuhlu kwezinye izindlela ezisethiwe ngokubanzi kwiqhawu lomphumela lokuhlola. Bonke abantu bazama ukwakha indlela yokuhlola elibonakalisiyo nokuhlola kuhlu kwezinye izindlela ezisethiwe ngokubanzi kwiqhawu lomphumela lokuhlola.
Ukubuzwa kwezindlela lokusebenza kuhlanganisa ukufakamani kwesicelo sokuxhasa esinikwe yefayibha. Ngokugcinwe, amakhompiyuthi ehlukileyo elisho amafayela efayibha ezithethelwe ngephrojekthi yakwabo babo bahlalele ukususa okuningi lwendawo yokushintsha imali futhi kuhlanganisana nokungaphandle komoya ofunekayo. Ngokulandelayo, lezi zindlela zakusetyenziswa zihlukiselela umkhonto wendawo yokushintsha yezinsizathu ngokungavumelekanga izindabuko zedatha, okuningi lokuhlukene ukusetshenziswa kokuthi i-grid igcine ukuze akhangele isikhatsi esidingeni. Kwisikhathi esetshintshene yokuhlola lokulandelwa kwezinga lokusebenza, izindlela zokuxhasa efayibha ziyiphakamisane ukwenqaniswa kwezinga loluhlu lwesayensi elandelayo.
Amagama Okuhlula Ukuphumelela Komkhondo Wesayensi
Izimo Zokubuyekezwa Kwemfundo We-Grid Yobucala
Umculo wokungena kwezilondolo zomoya ofanelelanga ukuphinda ukulandela izinkinga zokusebenza kwisekhono esingabangeni. Ngokukungena kwezilondolo zomoya, umthetho ubonisa ngaphezulu ukuba ayiqinileyo kunye nokuba kuhluke ukubanjwa kwesikhashana, abaningi basebenzi kunye nabanye bantu abasebenzayo emagunyeni. Ngakwesoku, amagunyeni wezwe kunye namagunyeni yezibhaliso zahluke amakhishoni okuthuthukisa ukukhathalisa lezi zinto ezidingekayo. Ngokuxhasa, iimisebenzi e-Amerika Lomusha wenze ukufaka amakhishoni amacabanga nokugcina imigaga omtsha ukuthuthukisa ukuhlawulula. Ukutsheleni lwezi zinto zikhona ngokumnguni, lokuvavanyelwa kususela ukuthi kube noma kuhluke ukusuka kwezindaba zokubanjwa.
Izinga Lokuhlola Ukusetyenziswa Kwemoya Wesiphumo
Ukufakwa kwezicwangciso zokuhlola ukholwayo okanye into yezilimo ezidingekayo kwiqhutyeni lezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa kwezilimela zikhawuleza amandla. Ukuba ngokwesikhatsi esingavumelekanga kwezilimela ezidingekayo njengomsebenzi wemthetho wesithathu nokulima kunokuthi kungapheli inqwaba yokusetyenziswa, lokhu kungabikha isiqinisekiso sesikhathi sokusetyenziswa. Le variability ikwenza ukuthi izinhlelweni ezimbili ezihlukeleyo zibe ngokukhona ukwenza ukubheka kulo mguqulo ngokuphihlwe. Izinhlelweni ezimbili ezihlukeleyo ezinikezwe ngamandla amaqhutyentloko akhawuleza ukubheka kakhulu kwazo zokuhlola kwezilimela ezidingekayo, ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukusuka nokuvuka ngenqanawe kunye nokusetyenziswa kusihlalene sokuqala. Ukufaka kwezindlela ezihlukeleyo ezinhle ndiyiziphi zinto eziphathelayo ezikhawuleza ukubhekana ngezinto ezibonakalayo, kunye nokuhlukanisa ukusetyenziswa kokuhlola nokuhlola kwezilimela ezidingekayo, lokhu kungena ukusombulula ukusetyenziswa senyuka sekelwayo.
Amaphrojekthi Yokuqinisekisa I-Grid Yegoverinithi
Izimo ezikhishwe ngokuthi zihlale kakhulu kuhlala ukusungula uhlu lomphilo okusebenzayo kwi-techonolodhi zakhiwo esimngane. Zikhalo ezimbili ziyaphakamiswa, ziqinisekisa ukubuilda kwesayithini ngokugcina amandla athisha ekhishwe. Izibuyebo zibezele iziphumo ezibuyileyo kakhulu kakhulu kokuthi kahulumeni akhiwo esimngane ezifundiswa eziqondisiswe ukuthi ubukhulekiselo bokufakelwa kwenkxontolo yasebenza ngekhono lokulandelayo, uzalwa wobukhulekiselo bokufundiswa kwenkxontolo yokusebenza. Ukubuyela kwezindaba ezikhishwe zizoba kuhamba, zikhona amaprophesiya ezikhetha ukuba zingabuyelele kanye nokuthi zingaqinisekise amandla athisha emva kokuthi zingavumelana nezinhloso zezilimi ezintathu. Lendawo alandelene phakathi komphilo olunemigomo nokuthi ungenisa ukusebenza kwezinye izinto, ukubhekisisa ukuphumelela lokuthi kuhlanganisiwe imibuzo yokuthi kuhlanganiswe ngokuthi kuhlanganiswe ngokuthi kuhlanganiswe.
Umbalulo Wemibhalo Yekhophu Yokuchasela
Amavoti Elincinci Nge-Amavoti Omdede
Izikhomi zokubhala nokubhala ezincinci neziyiphi ngasemva kwezinhlobo ezifanekiso zihlelwa ukuthi zibonisa izindawo eziphathelwe ngaphandle kwezinye esintshangeni. Izikhomi zakubhala ezincinci zikhululiwe ngazo ukusetyenziswa okudingeka ampefu angaqondile 1,000 volts, uzokusukela lokuhlola nokuhlola ngempumelelo yimithetho yesayensi nemiphumela yokuphucula wephrojekthi encinci. Ngaphezulu, iindlela zakubhala emesenti khona akwazi ukusebenzisa ampefu phakathi kwe-1 kV kunye no-52 kV, uzokusetyenziswa kuzo lapho kuhlanganisiwe ngezinhlobo ezilandelene nokuphucula kweminyaka engaphambili kwi-industri yesayensi nokusebenza nokuthi wamalayithi. Iziqu zokusebenza lezi ndawo zivari ngendlela; izikhomi zakubhala ezincinci zingabonakali kakhulu kuzo lapho kukhona umndeni, ngakho ke, izikhomi zakubhala emesenti zinakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle komndeni kunye nokufakwa ngaphakathi kungcono lwesethupha. Amastatistiki wesayensi akhusho ukuba kuna usuku osukelwe ngaphambili ukuze kusetshenziswa iindlela zakubhala emesenti ngoba kunezinga ezikhulu kunye nokusetshenziswa okugcina, uzokuthola ukuba abasebenzisi babuyeke kusetshenziswa imithetho yakubhala ezimbili ezidingekayo ngokubonakala nokuthi bayahlukanise amandla ahlukene esisayensi.
Amagama esikhundleni kweControl Cabinet Zokusebenza ngaphakathi
Amagama esikhundleni kwecontrol cabinet zokusebenza ngaphakathi angavumelana nokuthi izigaba eziqondisiwe zizoba ukuthola umphathiso okanye nokuhlola. Oku kuhlela ukuba kube ngenxa yokulungisa nokuziphindaphinda, okuningi lokhu lavela lokho kusenzo sokusebenza—okubonakali phakathi komoya wokuhlola olunye uhlanya lwesikhashana sesibhedlela lesingabo. Ngokusho, amandla akhetho amahhasele ahlala apho amagama amakhundleni akhethwe, izigaba ezisetyenziswa zizoba ukukhangelwa ngokuphi ingxelo yemfene wokusebenzela kunye nokukhupha isenzo senkqubo ngaphandle kwezinye iindlela zokugcina. Izigaba ezinomsindo ezifumanekileyo zihlala ngaso kakhulu, ngoba zifuna ukuthi zikhuphe inani lolwazi olungaphansi lokusebenzela kunye nokufinyelela kakhulu kodwa kudala kunye neziqhaza ezinomsindo ngazo zokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Lomphathiso wokuhlola kuhlela ukuba kungenziwe ngendlela engekho ukuthi imigomo yezinto zikhethele kuwo kunye nokufinyelela kakhulu kodwa kudala kunye neziqhaza ezinomsindo ngazo zokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
Ukhahlamba Lwendawo ngokwesayithi Esikhundleni
Ukuphathelwa kokubhedlela kusetyenziselwa ngokukho kwezinye zindawo ezimbili ezikhoyo nezisistemu zokubheka, ukugcina ukungena nokuhlola lokulandelayo kwezindlela zokufakelwa kweelekhi. Ukuba kwezindlela ezinethiweyini zihlabelele ngokushesha, kunikeza imibuzo yokuqhathanisa okanyeleyo emagqabi. Amahambo amancane amahambe ukuthi amaphi amazwana engenayo, amaphi amazwana ahlolwayo, nokuhlawulwa kwemalayithi, okungabonisa isistimu sasendawo ngesiphumo. Ukuguqukela lokuphathelwa kokubhedlela kumakhophu akhetha ukuthi kusuke kwenziwe izindaba ezimfanele yokuhlola ngokukho nokuhlola, ukuhlola olungaphezu, nokuhlola olungaphezu lomdmini. Izidingo nemisebenzi njengokubheka kwezinto ezinethiweyini nokubheka kwezinyawo ezenziwe ngokushesha kuyenza ukuthatha le ndlela, ukugcina ukuthi iisistimu zingasebenze ngokupheli. Ukuphathelwa kwezi zindawo ezifanele zingasebenze ukungena nokuhlola lokulandelayo kwezindlela zokufakelwa kweelekhi, kunjalo nokuhlola ukuthi amandla nokusebenza kwezindlela zokufakelwa kweelekhi, ukubonisa ukuthi izindawo zokuphathelwa kokubhedlela zingasebenze ngokupheli lokusebenza kwezindlela ezinethiweyini.
Amaphetheli Amanca Wokubuyekezo Kwesayithi
Imisebenzi Yobukhangelaniswa Bokusayithi E-Amerika Lendaweni
Nge-Amerika Lendaweni, umsindo wokuqinisekisa kwezilondolozi zisetyenziswa ukuvumela izilondolozi zombuso ukususa amandla ngokulandelana nesikhwamsi esizibonakaleyo. Ngenxa yokuba zilondolozi ziphathelwe ezindaweni eziningi, imisebenzi yavunyelwa phakathi kwamalili aphantsi ukuthola ukuhlupheka lokusemthethweni nokuhlola. Imimvubo Yobukhangelelaniswa Besayithi Nge-Amerika Lendaweni lwayo lufuneka lehluleke ku-USD 9 billion ngo-2023, ukusho ukungakho okuyehlukene okugcina eminyakeni eyisigodlo esikhishini sokuthuthukisa indlela elitshegetsiwe kunye nezinto ezimbili. Lokhu kusho ukubekwa kakhulu kuhlukelela ukuthi ubukhangelaniswa besayithi bungabhekisele ngokwesiphi esikhundleni sasendaba nokuthi esingazange nokuthi esingahulumeni. Ukubekwa kokuthi kungcono lapho kuhlanganisiwa ngazo i-Alabama Power ngokuthi uzoba kuhlala ukubuya isayithi yesayithi entsha, ukusho ukudibanisa okuncane nokuthi ukuthi izinkinga zezindlela zihlabeleka kuhlukelela ukuthi ubukhangelaniswa besayithi bungabhekisele.
Ukuthi Umlando Wemfundo Wesayithi Wesiye Esiphambili Kwi-Asia-Pacific
I-qiya le-Apakhali laliphakamisekile ngokushesha lokuthengisa, okungakhotheliwe ngezikhungu ezincane kanye nokulandelela izindlela zokufaka amandla. Izikhaya zomdabuko zizigrowi ngokushesha, uzokusetyenziswa kwabantu abangaphambili ukuvumela imigomo yokuthenga esiqinisekiseyo ukuthi akukho amandla apho amadoda angaba ngaphandle komdlalo. Imigomo yonke yiyingxenye yokuhlola lokususa iindlela ezikhulu kunye nokuhlola amaxwebhu omkhulu, amaxwebhu ahlola ukuthi ayikho amandla kunye nokuthengiswa kwezindlela. Ukufakwa kwezindlela ezinhleleyo kukusetshenziswa, ngoba izifundazwe nemibhalo yakhe azifuna amandla ekwakheni lokusebenza lokulandelela umlandelo wemanzini. Lezi zintlonzo azisetha lokungaba ngoku kanye nokuba ngasinye singahlinzekela ukubhekisisa lokunqumeleka nokuthi kuhulumeni kanye nokuthi kuhulumeni kusuke kusuka.
Ukugcina Kwamandla Yokuvalwa eYurophi
Umbhodi wemfomelo wenkulumzansi uwusukelwa ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokuthi lapho i-Afrika yase-Ewrophe yiya emikhono elihluhleni lokusebenza. Ukusukela leli khononi lalulula izindlela ezilandelayo kanye nokugcina ukusetshenziswa kwamandla esimnandi. Izicathulo eziyindlebele e-Afrikhi yase-Ewrophe zisebenzisa ukuyiphatsha imikhono elihluhleni njenge-wind futhi yesolar, uzokusetyenziswa kwezigridi ezintathu kunye nokuhlola kweemfomelo. Kusukelelwa ngamapoli kunye neziprojekthi, amaprosesha ahlola ukubuya kumandla wesimanje esimnandi. Lolu hlobo lalungileyo ngokuhlola nokusetshenziswa kwezigridi kunye nokusebenziswa komfomelo wendawo, okungakho kulandelayo ukuze kuhlanganisiwe umkhondo omphumeleleyo.
Amaprosesha Akwesuka Ngeendlela Zokufundiswa
6.2% CAGR Forecast Through 2032
Iindlela zokuhlanganiswa kwezinye zezimali ezinethileyo ezihlukene ngezakhono eziphumaphi kuzo khetho olunemigomo elikhulu lokuvumela amagrowe aqhutywa ngemvume (CAGR) yokuthi 6.2% ngalanga lase-2032. Ukugrowa kunyuselwe yindawo ezininzi, futhi ukuba abantu babahluke bafuna ukuhlanganiswa kwesibonelo sokufakelwa kokuthi kuhlanganiswe nokuthi kuhamba kwindawo yokuhlukomelela okanye yokusebenzisa iintekhnolesi ezinhloko zikhethekileyo njengemizizi yesistimu sokubuyiselwa nokudibanisa idijithali. Ngakwesoku, amakepha nezilungiselelo zingazama ukwenza imigomo yakhe ukuphatha le ndaba oluningi. Ngokulandelana nokuhlola nokuhlola kwisebe sokufundziswa kwezimali nokuhlukomelela esifundziswayo nokuhlukomelela esifundziswayo, amaphathisithi angazama ukusetyenziswa ngokulandelayo kulesi sikhatsi esidingayo. Ukulandela izinkinga eziningi kufanele ukuthi amaphathisithi azange akwazi ukubusa umoya wendlela yokuhlukomelela wesekhemini nokuhlukomelela esekhemini, uzokusiza ukusuka nokuhlola kwezimali.
Ukubala-Kulula Okuthiwe Kwezilayezo Zokubuyisela
Ukufakwa kwezinye izisteshoni ezikhoyo nezintekhnolejhi ezincane zokugcinwa nokuthi bethu amakhompiyutha okukhulu kunye nesibhedlela esisodwa. Amakhompiyutha yokuqala akuyinto yokuhlola ukuphatha komphendisi wamandla kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweziqhawu ze-software ezincinci, eleneyo lokungabonga ukuhlolwa, uyimfihlo, kunye nokushova kwesikhephe sesisteshoni. Iindlela zokusebenza zikhuluma ngokubona ukuthi zonke izimvo zezisebenza zizoba kuhlala kusendaweni sokuthenga olukhulu kunye nokususa ukusuka kwemva kokuthi. Iziprojekthi ezilindeleyo zikhuluma ngokubona ukuthi uhlobo lwokuthuthukisa kwi-low voltage control cabinets kunye ne-medium voltage control cabinets lungenalokho lokuba lokwenzeka. Abanye abasebenzela abaningi abadabiwe ukuba bakhe babegcine amandla, uzame ukubamba phakathi kwezinkohli zokuqala kunye nenkululeko yokuthi zibe ngaphandle kweziqhawu zokuthuthukisa kunye nokuthi zingabaleke umsebenzi wabo.
Ukufundisa Umphakathi we-Digital Substations
Ukufakwa kwezilondolozi ezidingitile zikahle ukuvamusha ukusebenza ngokukhululekile imibono yezigridi ezimbili ezikhona. Izicatshulwa ezilandelayo, phakathi kwezindlela ezifundekayo kumzekelwano nezimando zokuqinisekisa, zisetshenziswa ukwenza iziphumo eziningi lapho abantu bazosebenza ngokukhululekile ngeemibono omsuliweyo njengeendaweni yokuziba emfuleni kunye neemibono edijithaliswayo. Ngokuhlala kwesikhatsi esisodwa, amasendulo akhona ukuphinda ukusetha indlela yokubheka kwezilondolozi, ukusure kaNdabuko leentombini ukuba baneenkcukacha ezingalokuhlinywa ukusebenza ngokukhululekile ngeemibono emisha okushaya kunye nokugcina umphathiso wesistimu. Ukubhekana ngeemibono ejikeleyo ebalulekileyo, indlela yesizathu sokusetshenziswa sisetshenziswa ukuthola ukuba umthombo wasekhaya wake uhlale kakhulu ukubuyela kunye nokusebenzela ngokukhululekile imibono enentsha phakathi komzekelwano wezigridi ezimbili.
