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Amasimu Esendle Sokusebenza Esimweni
Amasistimu Ase-SCADA Yokuphatha Indlela Yezilimi
Imigqamelo ye-SCADA, okuquka i-Supervisory Control kunye ne-Data Acquisition, iyahlula umqolo wokuphatha imigqa ngokwenyuka kwiintsuku zasemathini zilandelayo emasipaleni. Ezi mgqamelo ngokwazo bekwa ngqo kwiimeko ezahlukene zomgqa wokusebenza, kudibanisa zonke iindlela zokuthiwa ngokwenyuka, kwaye emva koko kuthathe le nkcukacha ukuze baphathe kusuka kwiqela elilodwa. Iimpawu ziyakubonwa ngokukhawuleza xa kujongwa indlela ezi tekubeni zenza ukuba yintlawulo kunye neemisebenzi yonke imihla. Ngaqo ke ukuba kubonakala ngokupheleleyo kwiintsuku zasemathini, iingxaki ziyakugunywa ngokukhawuleza. Iintsabho ezimbalwa zibonisa ukuba xa imikhiqizo iqinisekisa imigqamelo ye-SCADA, iindlela zokusebenza kuzakuya kuba 30% ngaphantsi kwezixhobo ukuba iingxaki zibonakala kusuka kwiisikrini apho kuzakuba kuthintwa ngokukhawuleza.
I-SCADA inqaba indima encane kakhulu kuleli ngcola kakhulu kwezimali zokuxhumana ngezimali zokulayisha nokunqanda kwezinhloko. Lapho lezi zinhloko zisebenza ngokuxhuma nezinye izinhloko zokuxhumana nezimali, kuziza ukusebenza ngokuhle futhi kuthula ukuthi abantu babeke ukwenza izilungiselelo ngokwabo. Bheka ukuthini okuthole amaphoyisa wokunqanda kwezimali emuva kokufaka i-SCADA - abaningi baza babuze izindlela ngokubangelwa, okunzuzo ukuthi kungabi noma yiziphi izikhathi zokulayisha futhi abasebenzisi bakhe bahlulekile. Okuphambene, ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa kwehle kwe-SCADA, ukulayisha futhi ukunqanda kwezimali kulezi zinhloko zokuxhumana kungaba yinkinga enkulu kakhulu.
Amadevayisi Engumbi Ekhangelwe (IEDs) Kwiphaliso Lwemoya
Kwizinhloso zokuphucuka kwezinhloso, i-Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) isabela ngokuphezulu xa kufika kwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo nokulungiswa kwezinto. Chaza izinhlayiya kanye nezinkontrolo lapha abheka isimo segridi ngokuphelele bese bangenjela ngokuzenzekelayo noma lutho oludinga ukulungiswa ukuze bathathe isistimu isisayo neyekulungiswa. Okwakhiwa kwe IEDs nguwo ukuthi bathetha ku-SCADA systems ekuhlweni. Basondelana nazo zonke izinformesheni ezibaluleke ngale ndaweni okunikeza abasebenzisa isikhathi esincane ukwenza izinqa zokuthi kudinga ukuthi kakhulu ngaphandle kokuqala. Ngaphezulu kwalokhu, le nto yokuthi idatha iyavumelela ngokuphelele kuthiwa amandla aphathelene ngokuthembekile kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhloso.
I-IEDs itholwe ukuthi zinesiko ngokwengeziwe xa kuxhuma kwezimboni zokulayisha izindleko nezokuthembeka. Bona ukuthi yini okuhlala kumele kume kwezakhiwa ukubeka lezi zinhlelo zokugcina ezintsha ngaphakathi kwamakhabinethe akumancane ne-AC. Izindleko zokulaya ziphela, ngokwesibonelo ngama-40% ngokwesithuba esithile. Futhi xa kukhona okunguqu ngaso, amakhiya engcola ngokusheshayo kune wabaleka. Izinconywa evela kwezinye izinto zokulayisha zibonwa yini okuthi lezi zinhlelo ziyichitha isithuba esikhulu kumene kuhlanganisa izindleko. Kungenjalo abakhethi bezinga eliphezulu baziwa ukuthi yini okuthi kume kakhulu ukubuyekeza amakhiwa ethembeni le teknoloji. Ngokwesibonelo, akukho onke amathuba okulaya kwamandla kwemizuzu ephambene noma izinto zokulayisha zingcinwa ukungena kwezindleko ezingekelwa.
Amanethi Wendawo Yokuqala
Amaphumeleli amabili okuthuthukisa kwezikheli zokuhlola amandla, ngenxa yalokho kuzo ziqale izindlela ezidingekayo ukusetyenziswa kwesikhephe sokuqala sokuhlola. Izikheli eziqhutywa zihleke amandla nokuhlola kuhlu kwezinye izindlela ezisethiwe ngokubanzi kwiqhawu lomphumela lokuhlola. Bonke abantu bazama ukwakha indlela yokuhlola elibonakalisiyo nokuhlola kuhlu kwezinye izindlela ezisethiwe ngokubanzi kwiqhawu lomphumela lokuhlola.
Imiphumakelo yokusebenzisa ikhabeli yamandla kwezinye izindaba ezinhle zibonakala kakhulu ngokuthi yiziphi izigaba. Sebenzisa abasebenzisa amandla oqukethwe kwiikhabeli - babona ukuthi izigaba zokulayisha idatha ziyahamba kakhulu futhi kungaphansi kwezikhathi ezingaphansi xa kuthathwa idatha. Lezi zinhlelo zingenhlahlene futhi kwenze amagatsha amagatsha akhona okunakekela ngokuthi azivimba lezi zikhathi ezincane zokuthola idatha ezinokuthi zithinte kakhulu isebenta yamandla bese kuthiwa ukuphulwa okungadingekiwe. Njengoba isifundazwe samandla sijadela kakhulu ngokushesha, ukusebenzisa izisombululo zikhabeli yamandla akuyona into engcono kuphela kodwa kungenxa yokuqinisekodwa ukuthi amakhampeni ayadale ukuthi abe yisimo esingenhla nasekutheni kwezindawo ezinamandla kuzo ezizothuthukisa izidingo zokulandela.
Amagama Okuhlula Ukuphumelela Komkhondo Wesayensi
Izimo Zokubuyekezwa Kwemfundo We-Grid Yobucala
Imigqa yamandla esihlukile ngokuba yizinduna zokuthi kunezinkinga eziqinileyo ngokuthi elektrisithi iyavela kuphela emacondeni amaningi. Uma imigqa yenziwe ngokuphelelwa kwezinsizwa, ayisebenzi kahle futhi kunezinkinga eziphakeme ukuba yizinduna. Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu amakhaya nezinkampani lapho kube khona ukuphuka kwamandla. Izimali nezinkampani zasekhaya zimelela ukuthi baphumelele ukuvikela le migqa yamandla esihlukile. Ngokuvacwatshwa kwaNorth America lapho kunezimali ezikhula ukuthi zivikele le migqa yamandla, futhi kunezindlela zokuvikela zokwehlukene nezinye izinto. Kunezimali ezinkulu eziflowa kule ndlela yokuvikela, okungathi kubangela ukuthi kube nemiphumela engcono. Isihlalo ukuthi le nqubo yamandla ibe yinkonzo enobukhona obuningi futhi ayiphuke kakhulu ngokusho senkinga yamandla.
Izinga Lokuhlola Ukusetyenziswa Kwemoya Wesiphumo
Ukuze kungenelwe amandla aphezulu kwi gridi yamandla esemthethweni sibonakala ngokungcono. Iziphumo nezilonda zokungenela amandla aphela xa kuzokwenzeka, okwenza kube nenkinga yokuhlela amandla okungenelweyo. Ukuphathwa kolu hluvukileyo kuzodinga ukusebenza ngokushesha kwezinye izikhululo ezikhona ukuthola amandla. Lezi zikhululo eziphambelweyo zinezinhlelo zokuphatha ezithile fana nezinhlelo zokungenela amandla kwi gridi. Izi zinhlelo zokuphatha kuzovikela gridi ukuthi isebenze ngokuthulula xa kungena kakhulu noma kungena ngokwezifiso. Noma kunabantu abaningi babhanga amandla kule ndawo, iziphumo zihlukahluka kakhulu kwingxenye ezahlukene. Kwezinye izindawo zibonakala ngokuthulula xa gridi yamandla ibe yisicelo esiphambene, kodwa kwezinye izindawo zingena ngokwezifiso kakhulu noma kunabantu abaningi babhanga amandla.
Amaphrojekthi Yokuqinisekisa I-Grid Yegoverinithi
Xa kufika kuzibandakanya ubuchule be-teknoloji yemigqa yemali yesiko, imali yesiko inqaba enkulu ekuthweni kwezinto. Sibonile izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zihlela emasipheni ahlobene, nganye ecula ukulungisa ukubangelwa okudala ngemali ehlukile ezifakwe esibonelweni ngokwezinye lezi zibuyekezo. Bona ukuthatha isibonelo esenzakwa eCalifornia neTexas lapho ukuthuthwa kwezigqa eziqondile kakhulu kubange amaninzi wemisebenzi kanye nobungozi bamaqembu amasha. Lezi zibonelo zomno besebenza ngokubonakala kakhulu ukuthi yini na imvume yesiko kudinga xa kubangelwa izibuyelo eziphezulu kwezinfrastrakti. Abakhubeki bonke bafikira ukuthi le nto yobuholo ingahamba phambili, ngokweshatfu noma kunye nemali eziphakathi kakhulu ezofakwa emaqembeni ezigqa eziqondile ngokweminyaka etfu. Ngaphandle kokulungisa ukusebenzela kwezilungelo, lezi zibuyekezo zidinga ukuthi ziqine emasipheni, okunikeza sibonga ukuthi siyakhipha noma yini okuzozakhiwa kwezisistemi zethu zokulungiswa.
Umbalulo Wemibhalo Yekhophu Yokuchasela
Amavoti Elincinci Nge-Amavoti Omdede
Izicabi zokulawulwa zifumana ngokweqileyo kwiindlela ezahlukene ngokusebenza kwesikoleni esiphezulu. Lezi zokulula kuxhumana nezisemo ezincinci kune-1,000 volts kwaye zinikeza ukulawulwa okuprecise ngokokhuseleko kwezixhobo zokuproduka kunye nezisemo zokunqanqwa kwekhani. Izi medium voltage cabinets izixhobo eziphethe kwiindlela ezahlukene kwi-1kV ukuya kuma-52kV, ke ngoko kuyafuna kakhulu ngokuphakamisa amandla aphakamayo kwiindlela zokuproduka kunye nezisebenziswano. Indawo aphakelwa ngayo kuyafuna kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha izicabi zokulula zikhona ngaphandle kwezinkqubo, kodwa izicabi zokulawulwa zokuphezulu zingaphakelwa ngaphandle okanye ngaphakathi ngokwesicelo. Ukuba bala izisombululo zokugcinwa kwezokudla kubonisa ukuba kukhona into enkulu yokwenza ngokuphakamisa amandla aphakamayo kuba yinto ephakamayo kakhulu kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo. Le nto yavumela abasebenzisi ukulawulwa okuphezulu ukulawulwa okuphakamayo kwaye iyavumela ukuba kuthathe isicelo esifanayo.
Amagama esikhundleni kweControl Cabinet Zokusebenza ngaphakathi
Izisithuthi zokulawulwa zifumana uhlobo olukhulu ngokuthi kusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokulawulwa zangaphakathi ezifakwayo ngokweqondo lemodali leyo akhona ukuthi bavuleke futhi bakhulise ngokuthi kudingeka. Yiyiphi into ehlukahluka kulezinhlelo? Iziyavumela abasebenzisa ukuthi bavurale futhi bakhulise uhlelo lwabo ngokuthi kudingeka, ukuvumela ukuthi bakhoneke ngokungafanele kakhulu xa kubhekwa kuzindlela eziguqwa ngokushesha kwezimali zokukhishwa. Xa kusettlwa kulezinhlelo zangaphakathi ezifakwayo, izisithuthi zingasebenze ngokushesha kakhulu ngokushintshwa kwamathuba okukhishwa futhi zenze amathuba okukhula noma ukuncipha ngaphandle kokuthi kususwe konke uhlelo lwesibonelo. Izindlela zokusebenza kubonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa le modali kanye nezinhlelo ezenziwe khona kakhulu kuhlele kakhulu ukusebenzana nezinye izinhlelo ezenziwe khona kakhulu kakhulu. Iindlela eziphakeme? Iinkampani zilahlekelwa izimali ngokuthi kungabi nokudinga kwezinye izilawulo ezinzima kakhulu. Ngaphezulu, ukuthuleka kusemthandwa kakhulu futhi kude kungenxa yokuthi kudingeka kuthulwe izinhlelo ezindala.
Ukhahlamba Lwendawo ngokwesayithi Esikhundleni
Izisithuthi zokulawulwa nezisitim kumele zibe nezimali eziphakeme zokuphepha uhlelo lokunyabela amandla okunikezwa ngokuvimba. Ngoba iteknoloji yamandla ethintana nezinye izinto ngokuhlanganisa, ikhona amandla wokungena kwezinto ezidinga ukulawulwa. Sizama ukuthi abantu badinga ukungena kuzo, ukuthunyelwa kwezethi ezifanele kuzobekwa ngemvume, nezilande zokulaywa amandla ngokugcwele. Abakhululekile kubheka izindlela zokuthutha isicelo seziphakeme, ukusetshenziswa kwezibalo eziphakeme, nezinyathelo zokulawulwa okumele kwenziwe ngokuvamile. Abanye abafuna ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokulandela izinga nezinye izinhlelo zokulandela ukuthi kungaba yini okungcono ukwenza ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke isifo esikhulu. Okuqukethwe yona isicelo sokuphepha kwezinye izinto kumele kuthuthwe amandla nezinto eziphakeme ukuze kugcinwe ukunyelelwa kwezimali kanye nezinye izinto eziphakeme.
Amaphetheli Amanca Wokubuyekezo Kwesayithi
Imisebenzi Yobukhangelaniswa Bokusayithi E-Amerika Lendaweni
Kuyo yonke iNorth America, amaphrojekthi amaningi okuqina okwamanje ayasetshenziswa ukuze kuqiniswe amanethiwekhi kagesi abhekene nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinselele kulezi zinsuku. Lezi zinhlelo zingatholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene futhi ngokuvamile zithola imali yazo ngezimali zikahulumeni ezihloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zethu zikagesi zihlala zizinzile ngisho nasezikhathini ezinzima. Bheka izibalo: Imakethe Yeziteshi Ezingaphansi Zokwabelana ENyakatho Melika yafinyelela cishe ku-$9 billion ngonyaka odlule, ikhula njalo unyaka ngamunye ngenxa yemali ethululelwa ekuvuseleleni ingqalasizinda endala nasekusebenziseni izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezihlakaniphile. Kungani lokhu kubalulekile? Ngemva kokubona okwenzekile phakathi neziphepho zakamuva zesiphepho nezivunguvungu zasebusika, kanye nokukhathazeka okuqhubekayo ngokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber ezakhiweni ezibalulekile, kuyacaca ukuthi ukuqina kwenethiwekhi sekuyisici esibalulekile. Thatha i-Alabama Power njengesibonelo, muva nje yamemezela izinhlelo zokwakha isiteshi esisha sokudlulisela ugesi, okubonisa indlela izinkampani eziphendukela ngayo kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe hhayi nje ukuze ziphumelele kodwa futhi ukuze zigcine izibani zivuliwe lapho uMama Wendalo esihlasela.
Ukuthi Umlando Wemfundo Wesayithi Wesiye Esiphambili Kwi-Asia-Pacific
Indawo yase-Asia Pacific ibona ukwanda kwedolobha okusheshayo njengamanje, okucindezela kakhulu amanethiwekhi kagesi nezinhlelo zokusabalalisa kuwo wonke amabhodi. Amadolobha aqhubeka ekhula ngesivinini esisheshayo, aphoqa ohulumeni ukuba baphinde bacabange ngendlela abaphatha ngayo izidingo zamandla zalaba bantu abasha abathuthela emadolobheni. Iningi labenzi benqubomgomo ligxile ezintweni ezimbili eziyinhloko kulezi zinsuku, ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda endala ngenkathi kuletha lawo mapaneli okulawula ahlakaniphile okuthiwa enza konke kusebenze kangcono futhi ahlukanise amandla ngokulinganayo. Bheka ukuthi kwenzekani ezindaweni ezinjengeChina neNdiya lapho kube khona ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu muva nje kubuchwepheshe besiteshi esiphansi esihlakaniphile njengengxenye yamaphrojekthi amakhulu wokwenza ngcono inethiwekhi okuhloswe ngokukhethekile ukubhekana nalolu gciwane lokukhula kwamadolobha. Esikubonayo akukhona nje ukuxazulula izinkinga zanamuhla kodwa futhi kungukulungiselela lokho okuzayo ukuze lapho ukufunwa kuphakama futhi, uhlelo lonke lungawi ngaphansi kwesisindo.
Ukugcina Kwamandla Yokuvalwa eYurophi
Indlela otholeni ngayo i-yeurope yindlela ecisha ngokukhawuleza njengoba izwe zihlala ziyashiyela amafutha amabiya kuya kwezimali ezenzekelayo. Kumele kubekwa amashicilelo makhe emkhathini ukuze ayihlanzise leli guquko, lokhu kusho ukuthi kumele uthinte ngokwehlukileyo izimo ezinhlelwe ngaphambili futhi uthole amatekitheni amanjera. Ngemaphakathi, izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zisebenza ukuthi izindlu zengceke nezicelo zasolari zilaywe ngendlela ehlukile kanye nezinhlelo zokudala ezibizwa ngizikhali ezingcono ezokuphatha i-electricity ngokungcono. Inkxenye yasipho ngokuthuthukisa lezi teknolojithi nasha yavunyelwe ngokuthuthukisa izindleko neziguquko zokulawulwa. Le nqoqo yamukelana nezimakoti zokuchitha i-eu ezisetiwe ngeminyaka engaphambili, ibopheza amathiphu kakhulu kuqoqo lokuqala kodwa futhi ibeke kakhulu uhlobo lwamandla okuhlanzelethekayo kwezimali ethanda ukuphila, ukwenza ukuthuthukisa kungase kungahamba phambili kodwa kungaba yinto etholakaleyo.
Amaprosesha Akwesuka Ngeendlela Zokufundiswa
6.2% CAGR Forecast Through 2032
Ngokwezibikezelo zamuva, imishini yeziteshi ezihlakaniphile izokhula cishe ngo-6.2% ngonyaka kuze kube ngu-2032. Kunezici eziningana eziqhuba lokhu kwanda. Abantu abaningi kusho isidingo esikhulu samandla okukhiqiza ugesi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuye kwaba nentuthuko eqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe njengamasistimu azenzakalelayo nokulawula oku-digital kuyo yonke imikhakha. Abakhiqizi nalabo abanemali yokutshala imali sebevele bayazikhandla ukuze bathole ingxenye yaleli khekhe elikhulayo. Izinkampani ezigxila ekwenzeni ngcono iziphequluli zamandla nezinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile zinethuba elihle lokuvelela emkhakheni osanda kuba nokuncintisana. Noma ubani ofuna ngempela ukuhlala efanelekile kudingeka anakekele indlela zonke lezi zingxenye ezihlangana ngayo uma efuna ibhizinisi lakhe liqhubeke likhula ngokuzinzile esikhathini eside.
Ukubala-Kulula Okuthiwe Kwezilayezo Zokubuyisela
Ukuhlukanisa kwezikhala ezilolilodwa nezitechnolojhi ephethilweyo kubiza inkululeko kodwa kubongwa nendima yokungena ngokudala. Imali ehlukile kuya kumakhiwe amapathi amasha kanye neyokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinhle zokwenza konke kube lula, kube nephezu kwalokho kube yimali. Sinethola kakhulu izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kumakhamali abeke amathimele kula futhi baphumelela ukunciphisa imali ngokudala besebenza ngokungena ngokungena. Thatha isibonelo lezo zimisebenzi zokuhlukanisa kwezikhala zokulawulwa kwezimali phansi kanye nezikhala ezine zimali ephakeme kudizaini eziningi. Kubalulekile ukuthi abanye abathola lezi zimisebenzi zokuhlukanisa bakhulume ngokudinga kwezimali. Bongqele ukuthi kuthathwa kanjani kula noma yiziphi izindleko zokuthola kanjani ukunciphisa ngokudala. Ukuhlaziywa okuhle kubonisa ukuthi yini le ndima ingcono kanye nokuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imali ikhathalelwe kakhulu kulezi zinto.
Ukufundisa Umphakathi we-Digital Substations
Ukuhamba kumadini we-digital substations kusho ukuthi abasebenzi bangadinga ubuchwepheshe bakho ukuze bakhulule ikhono lokusebenzela le teknoloji yamadini. Okwamanje, amakhampeni amaningi azenza imithombo yokwafundisa kanye nemiprograme yokuthiqa abantu ukuthi kanjani lokusebenzela izinto ezifanileyo namhlanje le kontrolu yasekhaya kanye nezinhlelo zokukhombisa zodigiti. Itheknoloji iyahamba ngokushesha kakhulu ngakho amakhampeni asengakwazi ukuvuma ukuthi abasebenzi bakho bahlala emuva. Abasebenzi bangadinga izibuyekezo ngokushesha ngamathuluzi kanye nesoftweh okuqukethwe yisicelo kanye nezithuba zokusebenza ngokwemfundo ehlukene nezokuhlinzela izinhlelo ezingasebenzi ngendlela elula. Uma sibheka phambili, izinhlonipho ezingena ngemfundo ethulwe ngokuhlanzekileya kuzoba nezinkinga eziyisisekelo zokuthi uma izitechnoloji ezintsha zingavulekile. Ngenkathi, akukho muntu amathanda ukuthi abakhankhane bakhe bahlala balela ukuthi bahlape kakhulu noma izikhululo zingahlala ziyisisekelo kuleli hlabangaka le smart grid ezihamba ngokushesha.
