Ukukhetha I-MV Switchgear Ethe Kuhle Yezindawo Zokusebenza?

I-MV Switchgear Yini Futhi Kungani Kuyisisekelo Sokuphatha Amadala

I-Medium Voltage (MV) switchgear iyakhuluma nokuhlalisa izinhlangano zezilwanyana ezikwi-600V kuye kwi-69kV—lokhu kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuphatha amandla esizukulwane. Lokhu kuhlinzeka ukubeka isibonelo sezinhlangano ngemizuzu eminye, okunqamuka ukuthi kubhekwe kwezinhlangano zokuphatha amandla. Ngokuchaza kahle, izinhlangano ezingavumelekile ziyathabatha izindawo zokusebenza zokuphatha amandla ngaphezu kwe-$740k ngohora (Ponemon Institute, 2023), okwenza ukuthi ukubeka isibonelo sezinhlangano ngokushesha kuyisisekelo.

Izinkampani zokusebenza kwe-MV zinconywa ukudistribute kwezimali ngokuphelele, ngokuphakeme, kwezinhlanganiswano zasezindlini, emaphilayinti okusebenza, kanye nezinhlanganiswano zokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yezimali. Izifunction zokulinda ziyabulawa amathransformers, amakhabelu, kanye nezinhlanganiswano zokugcina phansi ukususa kwezinkinga zokubulawa ngezikhathi zokuphakama kwezimali noma izikhathi zokugqibela kwemithombo—kunciphisa izinkinga zokuphuma kwemifula, ukubulawa kwemithombo, kanye nokungabi kwezimali ngeminyaka.

Le teknoloji ibhekiseka futhi ukuthuthukisa kwezimali ngokuthi iyasimisa izimali ezihlukahlukene ezenziwa ngamaphili ya-solar kanye nezinhlanganiswano zokuthuthukisa izimali zokufana ngezinye izimali phambi kokuthi zifakwe kwe-grid. Njengoba izinkinga zokusebenza kwezimali ziyagxila kanye nokuthuthukisa kwezimali kuyagxila kahle, izinkampani zokusebenza kwe-MV ezinamandla ziyakwanele ukubalansisa ukuphakeme, ukuphelele, kanye nokusebenza ngokuphelele kwezinhlanganiswano zokusebenza kwezimali ezihlukahlukene.

Izinhlobo Zokuphakeme Zokusebenza kwe-MV: Okusebenzisa Isipho Sasezulwini vs. Okusebenzisa Isipho Sasegazi vs. Okusebenzisa Isipho Sasezincili

Izisakhi zokugcina umoya emaphakathini amanani ayisithathu, ngokwesibonelo esinye, ngezindlela zokugcina ezihlukene kanye nezindlela zokusebenza eziphumelelayo. Ukukhetha isakhi esihle kubhekisele kumahluko wendawo, izinkinga zomdlalo, kanye nezidingo zokuphumelela—kubhekisele ngqo kusakhiwo sokuphepha kanye nokuphumelela kwesistimu.

Izinkimbinkimbi Zokugcina Umoya (AIS) Kunezinkimbinkimbi Kwayo Kanye Nezindlela Zokusebenza

Izisikhundla zesikhundla sezinkampani zokuhlanza amandla zisebenzisa umoya wasekhaya njengomthwalo wokuhlanza okuphakade, okusho ukuthi ukufaka kuyinto encane futhi izindlela zokufaka ziyincane kunezinye izinkampani. Le sistimu ineeda isikhundla eside phakathi kwezinqamba zokusebenza ngokuzimela ngoba yisiphumo sokusebenza kwakho, ngakho le ndlela yenzeka kumaphoyisa aphakade amaningi noma emazwe amaningi okukhula kwezindustria. Nangona ukufika emaphoyisini okuhlanza akukho mhlawumbi, abasebenzi bayaqiniseka ukuthi umoya ophakade, ukuthwala kwamandla, nokubonakaliswa kwezinkinga ezingcono kungahleli kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngemuva kwezinsuku. Ngakho ke ukukhetha indawo yokufaka kuyinto enkulu ekubhekiseni kwezinsuku eziningi.

Amaphayisi we-Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS) kumaphoyisa aphakade amaningi

I-Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) isisebenzisa igasi lika-sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) njengomkhawuli wokuvimbela, okunika lezi ziqukuthi ukuba ziqondwe ngokuphakeme kwezingu-70% kulokho okukhona kweziqukuthi zokuvimbela ngamafutha (AIS). Ukuncane kwesiqukuthi kusinika isikhundla esithile sokusebenza kahle kumaphakade aphakeme kwezindawo ezinokubalwa ngokuphakeme njengeziqukuthi zasekhasini yezindawo eziphakeme, emabhotshini amaningi, emazulwini, futhi noma kwezindawo zokuhlanza emhlabeni. Okwenza i-SF6 ibe yinkulu kakhulu kukho izimilo zakhe zokuvimbela eziningi okuzosinda izihlangothi zokugqibela nokugcina ubukhulu bekho lapho kunezimali eziningi. Kusukela kuleli qiniso, kunezinkinga. Ngoba i-SF6 iyigasi lokugcina umhlaba, ukusebenzisa kulo kufuna ukufunda okuphelele futhi ukuzinikela kweziminyo ezilungile zokugcina umhlaba. Amakhampani amaningi manje anemithombo eyodwa yokusebenzisa lezi ziqukuthi ngokuphelele.

I-Solid-Insulated Switchgear (SIS) Yokuthuthukisa Ubukhulu Bekhona Nokugcina Umhlaba

Ukusebenzisa i-technology ye-SIS ikhuluma amakhondukta ngemvelo yepoxy resin noma isilicone rubber, okuyisula lezi zinhlobo zezinye zezigas ze-SF6 nezinye izigas zesifunda sezinkokhelo. Lokho okuthetha kwezindlela zokusebenza kukuthi amanzi akakwazi ukufika embonweni, akukho ukuphatha kwamagugu, futhi akukho okubhekisele kusistimu. Isiphumo? Ukusebenza okuphelele kahle nakuba kusetyenziswa ezingxeneni zemikhosi, emazwe amathayi, noma kuphi kuzoba nokuphakanyiswa kokushusha kwamandla. Ngoba akudingi ukugcina kakhulu futhi akadingi ukuthi kubhekisele kumadirti noma amadibrisi ekhona, izindustria eziningi ziyabuka ku-SIS ukusiza imithombo yabo yezinsizakalo zezinsizakalo, izinkundla zokuvula izivinini zezivehikili, futhi konke okunye okuhlanganisa izinkundla apho izinkokhelo zezinkokhelo zihambisana kakhulu leso sikhathi.

Izindlela zokusebenzisa i-MV Switchgear ngokwesifundo sezindawo ezihlukene

I-MV switchgear isebenzisa njengomkhakha wokuphepha kwamandla nezinhlobo zokuphepha ngokwesifundo sezindawo zokuphepha—kubekwa kuzo izindawo apho ukuphatha kungabikho kusenziwa.

Amaphutha ase-Utility nezindawo zokuxhuma kwe-grid

Kwizindawo zokuthumela nezindawo zokugcina, i-MV switchgear isebenzisa umsindo wamandla, isithintela iziphumo zokuhlukana ngezikhathi zokuphuma kwezindawo, futhi isetshenzisa ubukhulu bokuvimba kwezindawo zokuphepha kwezinkulungwane zezindawo zokuphepha. I-Ring Main Units (RMUs) isebenziswa kakhulu kwezindawo zokugcina kwezindawo zokuphepha ukuze kwenziwe ukuthumela kwezindawo zokuphepha ngokwesibonelo sokuphatha kanye nokuphatha okuncane kwezindawo.

Izindawo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuphatha okuphepha kanye nokuphatha iziphumo

Izifundisa, izindawo zokuphatha amafutha, nezindawo zokugcina idatha enkulu zonke ziyaphatha kwezinkulungwane zezibhalo zokusebenza phakathi kwezinkulungwane ukuze zilungele amathuba aqinileyo okusebenza kwezinto zokusebenza futhi ukuthintele abasebenzi ukuba bangaphume emkhaya. Lezi zinhlobo zisemthethweni sokulondoloza amamotori, izindlela zokusebenza zokusebenza kwezindawo zokusebenza, kanye nezibhalo zokulawula ukusebenza okubalulekileyo phansi kwemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokusebenza kanye nezinkulungwane eziningi ezinokuthinta izinto zokusebenza. Uma kubhekwa kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza, izibhalo zokuguqula ngokuzenzakalelayo ziyagcina ukuthi ukusebenza akufanele kususwe. Zivumela izindawo ukuguqula ngokuzenzakalelayo kuizithombe zokusebenza zokubuyela emuva ngaphandle kokususa ukusebenza, okungakhomba ukuthi abaphathi bezindawo abaningi bavuma ukuthi ukufaka lezi zibhalo ziyisisekelo esibalulekileyo sokulandela ukusebenza kwezindawo.

Ukugxila Kwemithombo Yenhliziyo Eyonakalisa (Amasosha Nezindawo Zokuphatha Amasosha)

Izinsiza zezibalo zasezulwini nezinkundla zemoto yasezulwini ziyasebenzisa i-medium voltage switchgear ukuze zihlinzekwe ngamaphuzu amaningi njengekubambisana nesikhungo, ukunciphisa amaharmoniki, nokuhlela amaqhina okuvaleka. Uma kufundwa ngamaprojekthi wemoto yasezulwini yasezantsi, i-gas insulated switchgear (GIS) yasendaweni yonke njengokwahlukile kakhulu ngoba lezi zikhungo zizimela isikhala esincane, zinamandla okugcina kwezilwane zomfula wasezantsi, futhi azikho konke ukuzilungisa ngokuphelele okuyisidingo esikhulu uma abatekinisi baya kusuka emanzini ukwenza izilungiselelo. Kumaqhina asekhaya amasola, i-solid insulated switchgear (SIS) iyaphakanyiswa ngokushesha ngokuba iyasebenza ngokuphelele ngokunye nesikhathi eside, nokusebenza ngaphandle kokulungiswa ngokuphelele. Abaningi babasebenzi bafuna lokhu kakhulu ngoba izindawo zamasola ezingaphandle azikho amabutheli okulungisa ezindaweni ezibalulekile.

Ukukhetha i-MV Switchgear Elingcono: Izifundo Zokugcina Nokusebenza Ezibalulekile

Ukulinganisa Ukuvaleka, Ukugcina Kwesikhathi Sokuphuma Kwesikhathi Sokuphuma, Nezinkinga Zokuguqula

Kukhetha isikhundla seswitchgear se-medium voltage, qala ngokuhambisana kwezibonelo nezidingo zokusebenza kwesikhundla. Hlola ukuthi izibonelo zokuvulwa kuzoba kubhekisa imisebenzi yezinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo zokuphepha. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezindustria zihlela kusukela ku-3.3kV kuze kuma-36kV leminyaka. Isikhundla kufanele sibe nesibonele sokugcina isikhundla sakwesikhalini sokuvulwa kanye nokugcina isikhundla sakwesikhalini sokuvulwa. Uma akakwazi ukugcina amandla okuvulwa kulesikhundla esithile, kunezinkinga ezingaphansi ezinkulu ezinokubangela ubudlelwano nobukhona nokuthatha imali. Hlola ukuthi kuzoba kushintsha kanjani. Amashini we-vacuum ayisemthwakathi ekhetha uma kushintshwa phakade, ngokuchaza umzekelo wamabanki we-capacitor. Kodwa izinhlelo ze-SF6 zihlela kahle lapha kushintshwa ngokungafanani kodwa kufanele kushintshwe ngokuphelele. Izinhlelo eziphambili njengezinhlelo zokushintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo (automatic transfer switches) noma izinhlelo zokuphatha amandla okunqamuka zifanele ukubhekiswa ngokuphelele. Qiniseka ukuthi izibonelo zokuvulwa zizoba kubhekisa izinkinga eziphambili ngokwesibonelo se-IEC 62271-100.

Imizimba Yomhlaba, Izinkinga Zokuhlela, nokuchaza Ukulwa Kwemali Yokuqala

Ukuthi izinkampani ziyaphila kahle kumathuba okuphakathi kuyakha umphumela omuhle kusukela kusukela kubukhulu bakho, ukuthi baphile kahle ukusebenza, nokuthi kuzokhulula kanjani ukuthengiswa kusukela kusukela. Uma sibheka amathuba ahluke, izinto ezinjalo njengezinkinga zokuphakathi, ubukhulu bezinkinga, ubukhulu bezinga lezilwane, ubukhulu bezinga lezilwane zomoya wasekunene, ubukhulu bezinga lezilwane zomthwalo, nezinkinga zezikimi zonke ziyakhuluma. Istanda ye-IEC 62271 iyathuthukisa lezi zinkinga. Izinkampani zonke zezindawo zezindawo zizidinga ukuthi zibe nesilinganiso se-IP2X, kodwa izinto zihlukana uma izinkampani zihambisa ngaphandle noma ezingeni lezilwane zomoya wasekunene lapho isilinganiso se-IP54 noma okuningi kuyadingeka. Izinqumo zokuphatha ziyahlukana kahle phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinkampani. Izinkampani zezindawo zezindawo zizidinga ukuthi zithunyelwe ngeminyaka yeshumi nanye, futhi zizidinga ukuthi zithunyelwe ngeminyaka yeshumi nanye. Izinkampani zezindawo zezindawo zizidinga abantu ababhekisekile abazazi ukuthi baphathe izigasine futhi bafunde izilungiselelo. Izinkampani zezindawo zezindawo ziyakhuluma ngokuthi zizidinga ukuthi zithunyelwe kancane kakhulu, futhi ziyakhuluma ngokuthi ziyakhula ukuthunyela kancane kakhulu ngokulingana ngezinkampani zezindawo zezindawo ngokulingana.

Yenza umhlazo wokubhala ukuthi kubhekwe ngokujulile kwezindlela zokusebenza kwezinsuku zokuphila ngokujulile okubhekwa ngayo:

Qaphela izifunda ezihlelwe ngendlela efanele, ezinokwakha kakhulu, okuzosiza ekubeni kwezinhlobo zezindawo zokusebenza noma ukuguqula izinto zokusebenza—ukungazikhipha konke uma kufakwa kwezindawo zokusebenza noma ukufaka amaservo okubhalisa ngodli.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ukusebenza okuphakeme kwe-MV switchgear kukuphi?

I-MV switchgear iyasebenza ukuthintela nokuhlinzeka kwezinhlobo zezikhathi zokusebenza, ikhipha izinkinga ngemizuzwana emibili ukuze ishindise ukungasebenzi futhi ukuhlinzekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwamandla.

I-MV switchgear iyasebenza njani ngezinhlobo zezindawo zokusebenza zokuphatha amandla?

I-MV switchgear iyasebenza ukuthintela izinhlobo zokuphatha amandla ezinkundla zokuphatha amandla kwezilwane nezinkundla zokuphatha amandla kwezilwane phambi kokufakwa kwe-grid, isiza ekufakweni kwezinhlobo zokuphatha amandla futhi isinikeza ukusebenza kahle.

Izinto ziphi ezidingekayo ukuziqonda uma kusukwana i-MV switchgear?

Qaphela ukulinganisa kwevoltage, ukuthintela kwezinkinga zokugcina kwezinkinga zokugcina, izimo zewesi, izinkinga zokuhlinzeka, nokuthintela kwezinkinga zokusebenza ngokuphelele uma kusukwana i-MV switchgear.

Iziphrofithi ziphi zokusebenzisa i-solid-insulated switchgear?

Izinkambo zokugcina izikhathi zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo zinakho ukuthuthukisa ubuciko nobuhle-buhle ngokukhupha amagasi ase-SF6, ukunikeza ubukhulelwa kwezimo zeweteri, nokuthi azikho ukusebenzisa okuningi.