Ukubona Amavuthi Amanqaku Efunekayo Kwa Amasintshana Okugcinwe Kwesikhathi

Amagama Amahluhleni Kwezilondolozi Zokubuya

Amasistimu Wokusetyenziswa Komoya

Indlela ethwe kudala kumkhiwa kuhlanganisa konke lapho kudingeka ukuba kufikelelwe kwezimali zokushisa. Le ndiza yasebenza ngokugcwele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimali zokushisa zifikelela emakhinini ngaphandle kwemiphatlaliso, ukuhlinzwa kwezikhala kusuku olulodwa nokuvikela le ndawo zokuhluka okungathanda. Xa ubuka into ebalulekileyo esetshenziswa kizindiza nezindawo zokuphatha emhlabeni, izinto ezimbili eziphambene ziyahlala: ukwakwa kanye nezinhlobo zokuxhumeka. Buningi bafakwe kakhulu ukwakwa kanti bakhona ngokuthi kungenzeka ukusanda kanye nokuthi kungathintwa ngokwehlisa. Kepha kunezinhlobo ezinje. Lezinhlobo zokuxhumeka zazindleke kakhulu ngenyanga yamuva ngokuthi yizindawo zokubambisa. Zicacile ukuthi zicume amathela ezinye zokudla, ngakho noma lapho inqanawa yodwa ingena ngaphakathi, ukusebenza kungasuka kuhluka ngendlela engathintwa.

Izinhamba zibonisa indaba ephakeme ngemeko yokuwulela amandla. Igridi ephunywayo ngokulula iyapha amandla, noma kunezindawo ezikhuphela kakhulu kwezimala eziyisithupha (6%) zokugenerwa kwamandla lapho kuthunyelwa, njengoba kubekwe yisicelo se-Energy Information Administration se-Amerika. Ngokuhlonipha, ikhono letechinoloji entsha liba yindlela yokuthi kuthuthukiswa leli qembu. I-Smart meters nezinhlelo zokulandelela kanye nezinyathelo zokulandelela kuzothola amathripodi nezindleke fokuthi zingaba yizingo ezinkulu. Izinkampani ezenza lezi zibuyekezela kakhulu amandla aphotheyi kancane futhi bezohlala kwehlisa amathaxi awo kwekho. Abakhankatha ezimbini babhalisa ukuthola amakhilogramu ezingama-1000 emva kokusebenzisa lezi zinhlelo ngokushesha kuzo zonke izindawo zabo.

Amasentra yeNqanawe yenkqubo yamandla (MCCs)

I-Motor Control Centers, okanye i-MCCs ngokushushu, kungenzeka ukuthi yilindlela ephambene nekulindleko yemoto ngokuvarywa kwezindawo zokusebenza. Lapho konke lokhu kuhlola imoto kube yisigaba esisodwa, kuthuthukisa imisebenzi ngemva kohlala kubangela ukusebenza kwezimoto ngokuvulekile. Iindlela zokusebenza zasezindustri zihamba ngokuvulekile ngale ndlela. Ngaphakathi kwezinye iindlela zokuhlelwa, kukhona amagqamizo amaningi asebenzayo ngokuxunyanisiwe. I-Circuit breakers ihlinza iindlela zokulawulwa kwamandla, ukuvikela izinkinga ukungabi nendlela. Kuye kunezicatshwane ezikhanyelana nezimali lapho kudingeka. Futhi, ukumbona amandla aphezulu akunakho ukungabi nendlela. Konke lokhu kusebenza ngokuxunyanisiwe ukuthi izindawo zokusebenza zasezindustri zihambane nokuthintana.

Ukuhambisa kumaqhubekaphandle amandla akhontrol ayiqhutywa kungenzeka ukuba kube nezimali ezifinyelela kakhulu nokusebenza kwezindlela ngokujwayelekile. Ngokomlinganiselo ka-Grand View Research, lezi zinhlelo zingenhloso ukuthatha amandla ngokuphelele kwezingu-20 phecenti. Yini okwenza zibe nezimali eziphakeme? Kulokhu, zinezinto ezifana nezindlela zokuthi kuzokwazi ukuvumela amadatha ngokushesha nokusebenza ngokudlule. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi izinkampani zenzeke ukuphatha izidingo zazo zokugcina amandla ngelokhu bekuphumelela kakhulu kwezimali ezingafanele zibe yisimo esifanayo esingasebenzi kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.

Amadebi Wosicelo Wesikhombisi

Izixhobo zokuphepha umgca, iqunda, amaphela kanye nezixhobo zokuphekisa impakho yekhahleli zilawula indima entsha ekupheni kwezixhobo zokuxhensa ukodwa ngokuchithwa kwezilawo ezingaphantsi kwekhahleli okanye kwezinyukelo zokuxhensa. Ngaphandle koko kuphela ukuphela kwezilawo ezingcono, izixhobo eziphambeneyo zokuphepha zikhawuleza ukuba izixhobo zokuxhensa zilale kwaye zisebenze ngendlela ethembekileyo hhayiyo hhayiyo. Xa ababhanga basimbanda iindlela zokubhangeka ezisetshenziswa ngummandla wokuxhensa (IEC) kanye ne-UL (Underwriters Laboratories), le nto ithetha ukuba izixhobo zabo ziphunywe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze zisebenze ngendlela efanelekileyo xa kudingeka ukuphephele kwaye ukuba zisebenze ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Lapho imikhawulo ayiphunyelwe kahle, izinto engavaleki kakhulu. Thatha le nyangiso ebanzi eNew York City esikhundleni 2019 - abakhankatha bafindile ukuthi yonke into ithola isibegini lapho abantu bakhohlwe ukuphunyela imikhawulo yokunqunyelwa. Le nyangiso iyisicaphuni esihle sokuthi kufanele kudlulwe ukulungiswa ngokohlele kwezinhlelo zokuphela. Ukugcina konke kuhle ngokwemigomo yesipho akuyona kuphela umsebenzi wokulayisha noma isithombe, kodwa kancanelela ukuthi lezi zinyangiso zingakhohlwa futhi ukuqinisekisa ukutha amakhwaqo nezindawo zokusebenza zingasebenze kahle ngezinye izinsuku ngaphandle kokuthintwa.

Amasolosheni Wesithathu Lomsebenzi Lokususa

Amasolosheni wesithathu leBattery (BESS)

Imicaba yokugcinwa kwezinhu, noma BESS njengoba kuchazwa khona, manje nguqukume esikhundleni esikhulu kwizinhlanu zokusebenza lapho umphathi wokusebenza okuhle kwenza yinto ehlukile. Le micaba ibandela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhu ezifana nezinhu zokugcinwa zokulithiyam yonke noma izinhu eziphambene ngezinhlobo zezindleko ezifanele kakhulu. I-Lithium-ion ngumugqa wokugcinwa okuphambeni kakhulu ngoba kugcinwa amandla anengi kakhulu kizinhaweni eziphakeme futhi kuyasebenza ngeminyaka engu-1000 ngaphandle kokuphula kakhulu. Isedwa le-BESS siphumelele kakhulu ngemva kwezinyaka ezimbalwa futhi abasebenzisa izinhlanu zokusebenza bangoqala ukubona ubungo lwamandla lokugcinwa xa imali ingaphansi bese bakhuthaza yona ngemva kwesikhathi esiphezulu. Aba ngcamango besedwa bafakwa ukuthi kunezokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlanu zokusebenza ngokusheshayo, okungalingani lapho kubonakala ukuthi yini ukugcinwa kwezinhu okuhle kungenzeka ukulawulwa kwezimali futhi kuvikele isantya sejidi lapho kunguququka kakhulu kwezinhlanu zokusebenza.

Ukufakwa Kwamabheti Wesolaweni

Ukufaka isilayela sokugcinwa kwezimali zasemoyeni sokuqala kuyinto ebalulekile ukuthola okunconywa kwezimali zokupheya ngokweqile futhi ukuthintana nezimali zokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo. Uma amaphakathi enqamule kanye nokugcina izilayela zasemoyeni ngendlela ehlukene, bathola amaphela amaningi kuzo zokukhokha, okubonisa ngqo ukuthi le ndawo ziyasebenza kanjani ngokwempi. Thatha i-Tesla ne-Panasonic njengesibonelo - bobabili bafaka le ndawo ezihlanganisiwe zasemoyeni nezilayela kuwo wonke amaphakathi abo baze bathola ukuthi izindleko zazo zokusebenza zazindlela phezulu futhi kwezimali zokuphosuka kwezibonelo. Okuthi le ndawo zazithintana ngokwengeza kwe-CO2 kuyindlela engenazo amaphawula, futhi ngempela kuyindlela ehlukene nezidingo eziningi zezwe ngokupheya kwemisebenzi emangalisayo.

Izimvumelelo Zokugcina Umlomo

Izimboni ezifuna ukunciphisa izindleko zikagesi kudingeka ziqale ukucabanga ngokujulile ngezindlela zokulawula umthwalo. Lapho zihlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, izindlela ezinjengokuphendula kwesidingo nokugunda lapho kuphakeme khona amandla zibangela umehluko wangempela endleleni izitshalo ezibhekana ngayo nezidingo zamandla phakathi nalawo mahora abizayo okuphakama. Kwenzekani? Abakhiqizi bagcina besebenzisa imali encane emandleni ngenkathi benza imisebenzi yabo kahle kunakuqala. Ezinye izibonelo ezingokoqobo zibonisa ukuthi izinkampani zonga izinkulungwane zenyanga ngayinye ngokumane zisebenzise lezi zindlela kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla amabhethri (BESS). Ezakhiweni eziningi zezimboni, lokhu akuseyona nje indaba engokombono kodwa sekubalulekile ukuze bahlale benokuncintisana emakethe yanamuhla lapho amanani kagesi eqhubeka enyuka.

Umthengi Womoya Wesikhombisi Esidleleni Sezindaweni

Uhlobo Lwabaphetheli Babamthengi Bomoya

Ukuthola abathengi beswithi olungileyo kumele kube yimali kakhulu xa kufakwa ukusungwa kwezinhlelo ngokuthi zisebenze ngendlela elula nasekunqobeni konke oku kakhulukazi amastandadha wokwenza okungase kuthathwe amaphine. Xa ubheka amathengi amathathelene, qaphela kuqala ukuthi banele ukuthi babuye baphumelele kanjani, emuva kwaloku bheka ukuthi abathengi banele amakhweshene amathilesayo, nasekunokuba yini uhlu lwamaphrodukti abawenayo. Abakhululekileyo basebenza kule ndlela bazi ukuthi ukukhetha umnthu ongumthengi othile kungahlukisa kanjani ukusebenza kweziswithi zemidhili evuwe ngemva kwaloku. Kungani? Ngoba le mikhombisi enemifanekiso engcono zazokunikeza inkxowa evelayo kanye nezici ezintsha ezifaka phakathi amathandizo okhuseleko nezisindo zokusebenza ngokwesicelo.

Amapheramusi Apha

Ukuhlinzwa kahle kweqeqeshi lokusebenza kwezimali ezinedwa ngokuvumelelwa kungcola konke okungaba yilapho iphumelela kuye nokuthobela kwayo. Abakhankatha bonke bavuma ukuthi kufanele kube nezikhathi ezinye zokulondoloza ngokwezinyanga ezisixabe kuya kuya ngesihlanu ngokwemibandela yesifundo. Xa abasebenzisi baleli qeqeshi ngokuvumelelwa, bakhona izinkinga eziphansi ngaphambi kokuba kube yinkinga enkulu esukela emuva, lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa kuye nokuthi kube yimali ethulwa ngaphakathi. Imicabango ikhombisa ukuthi ukulandela uhlelo olungileyo lokuqinisekisa ukuthobela kungaba ngama-20 phezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iqeqeshi lokusebenza kahle kanye nokuthobela kwayo noma lapho kusebenzisa izindleko zokusebenza ezahlukene ngezinyanga ezithile.

Amalungisi Amanje

Ukulandela izindinganiso zokuphepha ezimiswe izinhlangano ezinjenge-IEEE ne-ANSI akunconywa nje kuphela kodwa kuyadingeka ngokuphelele lapho usebenza nezinhlelo zokuxhuma zamandla aphansi. Lezi ziqondiso azigcini nje ngokubukeka kahle ephepheni, empeleni zivimbela izingozi zikagesi eziyingozi, zigcina imishini isebenza ngokuphepha usuku nosuku, futhi zakha indawo lapho abasebenzi bethatha khona ukuphepha ngokungathi sína ezikhungweni zokukhiqiza. Ochwepheshe bezimboni bayazi ukuthi ukuhlala behambisana nemithetho kusho ukuchitha isikhathi ekuqeqesheni abasebenzi ngendlela efanele, ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokugcinwa njalo, nokuthuthukisa izingxenye ngaphambi kokuba izingxenye ezindala ziphelelwe isikhathi ngaphansi kwemithetho emisha. Noma ubani oye wahlolwa ukuhambisana nemithetho uyazi ukuthi kwenzekani lapho izinkampani zinciphisa imali, izinhlawulo ezinkulu zikhishwa emabhizinisini, futhi kunomonakalo omkhulu wemishini ephukile obangela ukubambezeleka ekukhiqizeni nokulimala okungenzeka. Yingakho abakhiqizi abahlakaniphile bengabheki le mithetho yokuphepha njengeyimfuneko enzima kodwa njengeyokuvikela okubalulekile kokubili inzuzo yabo nenhlalakahle yabasebenzi.

Amacandelo Akhawuntsha Ngenqanawe kunye Nomculo

Zikhetho Zamatirheli: Imeithali vs Ifayibhasi

Ukukhetha phakathi kwensimbi ne-fiberglass lapho ukhetha izikhungo zezimboni kubaluleke ngempela. Ezensimbi zinamandla kakhulu futhi zikhuthazela lapho kungase kube khona ukuphahlazeka ngokomzimba noma lapho izinga lokushisa liphakeme kakhulu noma liphansi. Yingakho abantu abasebenza emasimini kawoyela, ezindaweni zokuhlanza, nasezimbonini zezimoto bavame ukusebenzisa insimbi isikhathi esiningi. Lezi zindawo zensimbi zikhuthazelela zonke izinhlobo zezimo ezinzima futhi zivimbela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kahle kakhulu. Nokho, i-fiberglass isitshela indaba ehlukile. Lezi zindawo zisebenza kahle ezindaweni lapho ukugqwala kuyinkinga enkulu ngoba aziphenduli ngamakhemikhali futhi ziqhubeka zikhanyiswa yilanga iminyaka eminingi. Izitshalo zokulawula amanzi angcolile nemikhumbi iyakuthanda lokhu kuvalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fiberglass ayidingi ukunakekelwa okuningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okuyonga imali esikhathini eside, okubaluleke ngokukhethekile emishini ehlala ngaphandle usuku nosuku.

Imigomo ye-NEMA kunye ne-UL

Ukuthola amandla akhiwe kanye nelekthrisithi kanye nezinhlelo zokuvikelwa kahle kuyindlela yokuthiwa kufanele kuhlangane nezinhlobo zokuhlanjwa nokubaluleka. Isisitemu sokuvikela kweNEMA sikhombisa kahle ukuthi indawo engu-enclosure iyathola kanjani ukuthi kuthinte ngokwezimo zasemkhawulweni, futhi u-UL ungenza lokho ngokuthi anqame izinhlelo ngokuthi zihlabe ngokwezimo eziningi ukuze kuthintekwe ukuthi zisebenza ngendlela esebenza. Lokho kuthinta ukuthanda kwekhasimende kanye nokuvikela konke okuhlanganayo ngokwemithwisto. Ngokuvacwatshwa, ukuthola kwekhethifikethi kwe-UL - lapho kuthinta le marka, kusho ukuthi kunehlo lapho kubonwe ukuthi kusebenza ngendlela ethembekile lapho kuthinte, lokho kubaluleka kakhulu emakhayeni noma ezinye izindawo zokusebenza lapho ukungcola kungaba nokwehlisa. Abantu abakhetha amandla kufanele bakhulume kakhulu kanye nezinhlobo zaseNEMA ezifanele nezimo ezizothinta. Lokho kunguqulwa kungathinta ukwehliswa kwezinhlelo noma kungabi yini, ngakho-ke ukuthatha isikhathi sokuthiwa lezi zimiso kuqala kuthinta ukuthiwa kunguqulwa.

Uphindaphinda Okanye Izinkinga Ezindleni

Izinto zokuxhuma nezinjini ezisetyenziswa kwiingceke zikhuthaza ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko eziphantsi kwegunya, ukungqinelwa kwezindlela, kunye neekhemikhali. Iindlela eziphambene zokuvumela ukuba le meko zikhuphuke, ukunceda komnye kwiindlela zokulungisa kwaye ukunyusa ubude bokusebenza kwezinto ngaphamboko kokutshintshwa. Xa kucinga ngale ndlela, inqanaba le-IP linceda kakhulu kwiyoqo kwezidingo zokugcinwa ngaphandle. Inkcazo ye-IP66 ngokomzekelo - le ndlela azivimba ukungqinelwa kwaye zenze ukuba zilunge ngokupheleleyo ngokuthanda kwegunya, leyo ke yenzelwe ngokwenyani kwiindlela eziyisiseko somkhiqizo wezitya okanye kwiingceke eziphantsi kwegolide. Kodwa xa inqanaba le enclosure ayiphikiswa kwiimeko eziphantse, le nto ingenisa ukuchithwa kwezinto, ukongeza ngokupheleleyo kwiindlela zokulungisa kwaye ukuba kusebenzi kusuka kusukela kulo hlatywa lapho konke kuyilungiswa. Ngoko ke ukwazi ukuthini xa kuzo zonke iiphi zinokunceda amakhankatha ngokupheleleyo xa kubhekwa kwiindlela zokugcinwa eziphambene nezidingo zazo zokusebenza.

Amalungelo Aphaqa Emanzi Emisebenzi

U-AI Ukhuluma Ngeenyawo

Izifakelo ezithola amaphesenti kakhulu ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo zokusebenza kahle kwezimali. Ukufunda kwezinhlobo (Machine learning) kunceda ukathola lapho izinhlobo zokusebenza zidinga izimali eziphakeme, ngakho ke izindawo zokusebenza zihlanzekwa kahle. Lezi zinhlobo ezinhle zibheka zonke izimo zokusebenza futhi zilungisa izinketho zokusebenza zokuthi zihlale zisebenze kahle. Ngokuvacwa ngokuthola izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba kuzomele. Lapho i-AI ikhombisa amaphumbalaliso ngaphambi kokuba kuzomele, izinhlobo zokusebenza zihlanzekwa kahle futhi zisebenze kahle, lokhu kunceda ukuthola amaphesenti kakhulu. Kunezifakelo ezithola amaphesenti amathathu kwezinyanga ngemuva kokuthi zilayishwe lezi zinhlobo. Ngokuba kunezifakelo eziningi eziyinto ezibizwa ngokuthi 'smart factories', sibona ukuthola amaphesenti kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-artificial intelligence kuzo zonke izindawo zokusebenza.

Umthwalo Omodular Wesibhedlela

Imithambo elekthriku yemodhuli iyabelana nezimpawu ezinhle xa kufika kwekulandela imisebenzi, ukwesekwa kweziguquko, nokuphepha ukulungiswa. Iindlela zingakhula kwezifisiki zazo elekthriku noma zilungiselela ezisebenzayo ngaphandle kokuthi zidla konke, okungathi kuncipiswe isikhathi esahlukileyo kwezimotme nezilungiso. Izithuthi zokwenza i-elektronics nezinkampani ezwenza izinhlanzeko ezithile zisethembeni ngemaphurodhuli ezinhloko, kunciphisa isikhathi esebenza ngalo kwezimotma ngoqo 30% kuzo zinye izikhali ngenkathi zahlukumeza ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Okwenza le mithambo ikhona kakhulu yileyo leyo bakho balethu ukulandela izindleko zokusebenza ngokufanayo nokuthuthukwa kwezobuchule ngaphandle kokulwa ngazo. Izinkampani ezingena ngemaphurodhuli ezinhloko ngokuvamile zasaveza imali ngokushesha kathathu ukubekwa kwezifisiki bese ziqhubeka nokuncipisa izindleko ngokuphelele kwezifisiki ngokusekelwe kakhulu kumfanekiso wezindleko zokusebenza nekuphatha kwezindawo ezitholakalayo.

Ukhetho Lwamandla Okuyahlukanisanga

Izifakelo kancane kancane lihamba ezindleleni zokusebenzisa imikhiqizo yesikhalo ngoba lihlanganisa ukuncipha kwezimali zabo zokukhupha ikhwalithi. Uma izindustri zifaka izindikimba evela kwezimali ezijwayelekileyo njengeyovukane, izinhloso zasemkhathini, nezinhloso zomhlaba, zilahla izimali futhi zifinyelela kuzo zemigomo ephambene nezindlela zokusebenza okucinga umhlaba. Izinkomba ezithile evela kwezifakelo eziphathimulwa e-Europe ne-Amerika eyangele kubonisa ukuncipha okukhulu kwekhwalithi emuva kokuguqula ezindleleni zokusebenzisa imikhiqizo engcono. Ukuhambisa ukusebenzisa imikhiqozo engahleli kakhulu ayikhona kuphela kunesi sendlela noma kuleso ncakeke kodwa kuthiwa yinto ebalulekileyo ngokwesibonelo esidlova. Izinkampani ezingena ngokushesha kuleli ngeno zikhona kumaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenzisa imikhiqizo engahleli, okungahleli kwebhizinisi futhi kwenza ukuthi kuzozwa ngokwemikhiqizo yokwenza izinto ezifisayo kwezimali ngokudla.