Wanne Ne Kake Saukarwa Ta Switchgear Na Voltage Mai Tawa?

Zaɓuɓɓan Nuna Kuma Tsaro Na Abubuwan Sana’a

Standardan Inginiyaru Da Tushen Abubuwan A Cikin Switchgear Na Voltage Mai Tawa

Daidaitobin samun kowane kayan aiki na high voltage switchgear ya dace da bin gidan kan alama’ar tarayya na inginiyar da muna sani da so, kamar IEC 62271 da IEEE C37. Lokacin da za a yi lafiya, amfani da kayan aiki masu yawa zai haɗa sosai. Duba misalin vacuum interrupters da ke iko 40kA ko kuma alamu mai suka da fulani wanda ke yanke tsawon 50 microohms. Kuma bari mu fara gaggawa da alumina insulators da suka da kyauwa 95% wanda yake yi aiki kyauta karshen sauran abubuwan da ke da kyauwa mai yawa. Adadin bayani suna nuna wannan wasu. Dole nan zuwa zuwa CIGRE a shekarar 2019 ya nuna abin da ya shafi – karshen karu (wato 62%) daga duk abubuwan da ke dabara na switchgear sun koma ne daga abubuwan da ba su daidaita da alamar. Har ma, karshen uku daga wasu halayyen arcing dangerous sun koma ne daga sababbin current transformers da ke da kyauwa mai yawa. Wannan ita ce dalilin hujuba a kowane abubuwan da ke da kyauwa babu kawai sai yadda zai yi kyau, har ma yake da mahimmanci ga tsaro da aiki.

Abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci don Tsararren Tsarewar Tsare da Gudanar da Wuta

Kyakkyawan rufi ya dogara da ingantattun kayan lantarki kamar gas SF6 wanda ke aiki sosai a tsakanin yanayin zafi tsakanin -30 digiri Celsius har zuwa digiri 40 Celsius. Hakanan resins na cycloaliphatic epoxy suna taka rawa a nan tunda waɗannan abubuwa suna kiyaye amincin tsari koda lokacin da aka fallasa su zuwa yanayin zafi sama da digiri 135 Celsius, yana dakatar da matsalolin bin wutar lantarki. Idan ya zo ga sarrafawa na zafi a waɗannan mahimman hanyoyin haɗin busbar, kayan haɗin thermal tare da haɓakar haɓakar da ta kai ko ta wuce watts biyar a kowace mita kelvin suna yin bambanci na gaske wajen kiyaye abubuwa sanyi. Abubuwan da ke bakin teku suna amfana sosai daga murfin silicone mai hana ruwa ruwa; Gwaje-gwajen filin da aka gudanar a gefen tekun sun nuna waɗannan yadudduka masu kariya sun rage gazawar da ke haifar da shigar danshi da kusan kashi uku cikin huɗu, a cewar binciken da NEMA ta buga a 2021.

Zaune da Kamar yadda Yake Sauƙaƙe a Cikin Kayan Daidaitowa

Yau, manyan tsarin sakwoyi suna da alakolen da biyu na sakwo da kuma tsarin busbar na N plus one wanda ke taimaka wajen hadura kuskuren elektric zuwa uku nau’i. Ga abin da aka fitar da EPRI a shekara ta 2023, yin amfani da relays masu redandansin da ke aiki sosai ya kama da rage kuskure mai zinzanyawa ta hanyar 84% a 145kilovolt systems. Don kayan aiki na substation da suka bi IEC 61850 standard, yau zaune na ZSI (Zone Selective Interlocking) suna zama wajib. Wadannan tsari suna buƙatar tacewa daban-daban da ba ta fi 12 millisecond don samun iko tsakanin nau’ukan kuskure a lokacin aiki.

Tushe Na Gini: Kuskuren Sabon Bayan Amfanin Yanayin Tsaro Da Ba Yasa

A wasan 2020 akwai abin da ya faru ne a lokacin da 245kV GIS ya wuro saboda wani ya kafa mutumtumin zinc-plated bolts idan kuma stainless steel ones da suka bukata a cikin awujjuka masu tsere. Wasu ya faru? To, sulfidation corrosion ta kirkirar hanyoyin da ke iya kirkirar sautu wanda aka kira phase-to-ground fault. Lokacin da wasan kansuwa sun bincika abubuwan bayan farawa, sun sami fagen da yawa da suka misali 0.8mm a cikin epoxy spacers. Wannan ita ce ya tafi hadarin da ke kula da EN 50181 standard wanda ke kula da 0.3mm kawai. Duk abu na biyan kudi mai adadin $740,000 don canza dukkan abubuwa kamar yadda ya ambata Ponemon Institute data daga 2022, kuma akwai makonni uku sha shidda (14) da ba za a iya amfani da sauti ba. Wannan nuna yadda kuma kuskuren sana’i mai ƙaranci zai iya samun ma'aurata mai kyau da kuskuren ayyuka a gaske.

GIS vs. AIS: Kima-kimanin gyara da aiki

Kima-kimanin Gas Insulated (GIS) da kuma Air Insulated (AIS) Switchgear a farko da gaskiya

Gas Insulated Switchgear, ko GIS kamar yadda ake kira shi, tare da hanyar aiki mai kyau karshen Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS) lokacin da sharuɗɗan zamani sun dace. Dalilin mahaifinta? Yana dogara ne kan SF6 gas mai tsabar. Wannan nukarin yanar gizo ya kiyaye abubuwan kamar ruwa, ya kiyaye dareyin dare da samun farko, sai kuma ya kiyaye kwari daga kaiwa da kayan aikin—duk wadannan masalolin sun kasance abin mamaki ga ais systems. Duba adadin ayyukan aiki kuma za mu gama GIS tana iya kiyaye ayyuka da yawa da 99.9% uptime har ma a yankuna kamar coastal regions inda zuma ta samuwa ita ce babban lafiya ga kayan elektriko. Kula da sa AIS wanda ke da masalolin yawan 30% karanci a yankuna da yawa da alhassassa inda akwai zumbun halitta da aikin sarrafa. Wato sananni ne dalilin wuce companies manyan sunyi canza zuwa.

Ƙayyade Karin Tabbatar da Kullumtuka A Cikin Nukarin GIS

Gis SF6 yana ba da ukuƙkar taimakon kibbin gudu na hawa, sai dai ya zama mafi kyau don kullumtu mai zurfi mai amintam ce. Kwayoyin kimiyya ta shekara zai sauke ruwa ta usar da aka samuwa a ƙarin 200 ppm, yayin da yadda tallafin tsakanin tallace-tallace mai tsarki zai iya nuna alamar farko na kuskure mai zuwa. Duk wadannan nizamin daidai zasu bada ƙarin tallace-tallace ta 80% dibu da wadanda bai amince su ne.

Iyakar Tsere da Kishin Zinare A Cikin Nukaran AIS

AIS suna da kishin zinare lokacin da girman tsere ya tafi 40°C ko idarrun karfin ruwa bai amince ba. Tallafin cikin infrared yana nuna abubuwan zinare a cikin abhanyar busbar a 23% na nukaran AIS na gabas—wato kusan duk lokaci ana kawo wasu batutuwa. Yadda za a kara karyayi shine tare da ruwan kwanciyar ruwa da sauya kusa da kwalatu don koyo iyaka.

Tsammi: Babban Zinare Na GIS A Makaranta Da Ayyukan Wa Suwa

Karin amfani da GIS yana taka 15% kowace shekara a wajen birni saboda yankinsa mai zurfi, wanda ke shiga kawai 10–30% na yanki da ake buƙata game da AIS. Birnin ta hanyar yin amfani da GIS a cikin tsarin kudaden baswuya da gida mai girma, inda sauƙin yanki da rashin kuskure na aiki yana bada dalili ga kariyar farawa.

Tacewa da Koyon Halayyensa

Albarkatun Ayyukan Tacewa da Kula da Karya

Tacewar kai tsaye ta kawo saukin karya a cikin abubuwan haɗa ta 62% karanci mafita zuwa waɗansu su dawo (Machinery Lubrication, 2024). Albarkatun ayyuka sun hada tacewar kai tsaye na biyu a shekaru, kwatanta kusurwar kewayon kagami a kowane shekara, da kuma koyon karyar abubuwan da suka shigar da spring kowace 8,000 ayyukan yin amfani don koyon kuskuren halaya.

Binciken kai tsaye don kula da kuskuren karami

Yin aikawa tsaron kewayon harshen koƙin da yauwar kwancewa mai amfani da kayan gangaren zafi ya kare 83% na kuskuren da keiduwa ga kayan aikin da yawa karancin 72kV. Alakar gida da ke amfani da alamar takaitaccen bin sawa sun sami iyaka 99.97% ta hanyar ganin kwayoyin da suka fara haɗu korosi baya da ya ci gaba, kamar yadda aka fada shi ne a raputa Mai Daidaito Na Elekuturu Na 2024 .

Amfani da Kewayon Harshen Da Amincewa Ga Ganin Kuskuren Labarin

Hanyar da aka hada kewayon harshen yana binbinta 14 abubuwan muhimmi a lokacin da suke:

Algorithims na ilmin hankali suna koyon wannan bayani don hadawa 79% na kasoshin da ke fitowa daga baya zuwa 48 sa'a, sannan yanzu zai samar da aiki maimakon.

Zabin ruwa da kuma koyaushe mai tsotsi a cikin koyaushe mai karfi

Kameran infrared da ke iya ganin 0.1°C suna nuna zurfinsa a cikin haɗin abubuwan da ke tsakanin 22 lokaci uku karanci duk lokacin da aka yi koyaushe ta hannu. Koyaushe mai zurfin ruwa ya kare kayan cututtuka ta 41% a cikin alakari da littattafai, inda amuran salt suka kara zurfin ruwa (Plant Engineering, 2023).

Bayanin da aka samu daga kowane test da teknologiya na Digital Twin

Digital twins suna magana akan ƙarin 18,000 tsarin aiki, suna kawo tsarin koyaushe wajen taimaka ta 94% iyaka. Lawan 2023 na Springer ya bayyana cewa yin haɗin yanayin sakwoye da mudalolin virtual sun kara inzuwar zaman lafiyar interrupter na vaccum ta shekara 9 ta hanyar tallafin iyakar zurfa.

Masallatacin gudun ruwa da hanyoyin dakin kansa

Ayyukan wasan kari na high voltage switchgear suna da alaƙa sosai da halayyen yanki. Humidity mai zurfi ya kawo zuwa karin karbar wani abu, yayin da canjin hali na hawa mai yawa (35°C) ya kawo zuwa karin karɓar insulator. Gwadara mai yawa na yanki zai samun karin karɓar shakatacciyar gwiwa ta 12–18% (EPRI 2022), zai kawo har maƙalar flashovers.

Ma'aurata kan Humidity, Canje-canje Hali Na Hawa, da Karkashin Ayyuka

A cikin wuraren fogin salt, matakan disconnector sun dawo uku shekaru daidai ne a matsayin wuraren da aka tsoro, tare da 19% na substations na kasa addala su bayyana rashin aiki na switchgear a kowace shekara (EIA 2023). A cikin wuraren keriya, canjiwar hali na hawa ta nuna yawan lokuta ya kawo zuwa karin karɓar gwagwado na epoxy a cikin shekaru 5–7—kama da karancin karatu na shekaru 15 da aka buɗe don su.

Hanyoyin Taimakawa Mai Daidaiton Ayyuka A Cikin Wuraren Da Suke Zama Masu Iyalan

Don taimaka da stress na yanki, wasu mutane suna yin amfani da:

• Silicone-coated bushings suna ba da taimako ta 95% zuwa humidity
• Active condensation control systems suna koyo stabilitin hali na hawa ta ±2°C
• Tsarin takiwa ta robotik suna cire 99.6% mai nasara na abubuwan da aka kula

Wadannan ayyukan nuna sun kashe katkatawa mai saukin yanayi ne a 37% a cikin shigarwar al'adu (Rashin Yanayin Grid 2024). Wasu sababbin sarayya na gabaɗaya yana buƙatar yanayin lokaci mai zurfi don ayyukan banza.

Abubuwan daki da tsarin yanayin yanayi don shigarwa masu mahimmanci

Abubuwan daki na iya baden ba su da sauƙi ga dandalin yanayi:

Ma'aikatattun Marina South a Singapore ya nuna amfani da alakari mai zurfi, wanda ke amfani da zane-zane masu naitrojin zuwa suka kare gudun dumi a cikin sauyin kwayoyin kabil dare saboda shekarar 2019.

Abubuwan Taimako da Haɗin Tsaga da Iyaka

Rawar Kewayon Kusurwar, Rilaysu da Mabambantan Gargajiya a Cikin Masu Iyaka Na Uku Da Yawa

Abubuwan goma uku suna tsaya akan asali na tsarin kwakwato mai aminti. Fila, makerafar kwayar kwakwa suna kashe kwakwaton da ke shigo ne a cikin miliyancan daga 30 zuwa 50 kafin suha damuwa bisa damuwa mai zurfi. Sai dai, relays suna ganin kama yaushe canjin girman voltage, kamar yadda za su iya ganin canje-canji da take 10% fiye da girman da ke yau. Kuma a karshe, abubuwan neman kasa (surge arresters) suna kawarar da sauke sauƙe mai zurfi daga zube ko canjin ayyuka, suka raba wani abu da take 100 kilovolts daga abubuwan masu mahimmanci. Yau, yawan abubuwan neman kasa suna kaiwa ma'auni IEC 60099-4 don kwakwato labari. Lokacin da duk wadannan abubuwa suyi aiki tare daidai, suna kirkirar tsarin dawo mai tsada wanda ke kare batun kwakwato kaiwa kuma ke kiyaye tsayin gidan kwakwato a karkashin yanayin ayyukan da ke yaushe.

Tambayyar tsakanin abubuwan dawo da lokacin aiki na switchgear

Wajibin yanayi suna buƙatar farabtar da yawa na sub-100 ms tsakanin relays, breakers, da ayyukan magana. Masu ingineer suke amfani da kamarayan lokaci-tsari masu dakin zuwa ±2% iyaka don tabbatar da taimakon taimako—kunna abubuwan sama kawai idan kayan gaban ke kuskure. Taimakon kyau zai bada abubuwan addara na 22% a cikin tallafin sarrafa (NFPA 70E-2024).

Aiwatar da Fasahar Tattalin Arziki na Gama-Gari don Iyaka mai Kyau

Fasahar tattalin arziki mai zurfi ya haɗa da:

1. Gabapin farko : Kayan kulle mai larabci na waya (masu ilimi ≥40 kA)
2. Gabapin biyu : Relays digitalku masu samun alaƙa <5 ms
3. Gabapin uku : Abubuwan kulle masu ƙauye mai daraja na 25 kA
   Wannan hanyar fasaha ta kama da rashin shiga na 89% dibu da sarrafa mai gabapin daya a tallafin sarrafa.

Fahimtar Gafarar Hanyoyin Daga Cikin Kari

Kamar haka, tsarin da aka kirkasa bisa zama gafara a lokacin alhakin mai zurfi kamar yadda angun dambe ya hausa karfafa tare da ≥35%, kuma abincin nukarin sautin dabi'u sun yi waƙar hankali akan takaitaccen lissafi, ko kuma kuskuren bayanai masu mahimmanci sun yi gafarar matakai sun shaƙalci lokacin sake sanya. Sabon sababbin firmware da ma'amalin infrared na iya kawarwa 73% na irin wadanda ke iya canza a cikin wasan zaman lafiya.

Saba Daga Sabon Wannan

Wanne ne akan TSUNANAYEN masu mahimmanci don cuta mai girma mai girma?

Tsunanayen masu mahimmanci don cuta mai girma mai girma sun hada IEC 62271 da IEEE C37, wadanda ke kauyata kan mutumin abubuwan da ke tsakanin abubuwan da suka shigar da inganci.

Wane abu ne mai mahimmanci don ingancin inganci?

Abubuwa kamar SF6 gas da cycloaliphatic epoxy resins suna da mahimmanci ga ingancin inganci saboda stabilitin temperature da karfin dielectric su.

Yaushe GIS yaɗo da AIS a cikin inganci?

GIS yana ba da inganci mai zurfi a makon layin dutsen saboda tsarar sa da gas SF6, wanda yaƙumba shigarwar ruwa da kuma kashewa.

Shin ake iya kiyaye aiki na switchgear a makon mai zurfi?

Iyakokin leda ingancin a makon mai zurfi tare da bushing na silicone, tsarin kula da kaiwa, da kuma tsaron wasanni na robot.

Wane irin hankalin ayyukan ne za a iya amfani da su don kula da wear na mechanical?

Hankali na gaba biyu akan lubrication da testin kima-kimanin kwana ta hanyar kimiyya zai samuwa ne a kama da reduction na mechanical wear.