Kukhona ukugcina kwegunya? I-MV switchgear ephephile iphazanyisiza ukugcinwa

Ukufunda ngomthethosibanzi we-MV Switchgear Nendima Yalo Ekuthinteleni Ubunzima Bomthetho Wokwehla Kwamandla

Iyiphi Indawo Yokumisa Amakhala (MV) I-Switchgear Kungani Isendaweni Yalo Ekusebenzeni Komthetho Wokwehla Kwamandla

I-MV switchgear isebenza ngaphakathi kwezilinganiso zovoltiye okuqala kusuku lokungama-1 kuze kube ngu-36 kilovolts, ikhula lo akuyinto abaningi bithi yisisekelo sokudiliva amandla phakathi kwezimali nezindiza. Ithekeli ngokuvamile izinto ezinjengoocircuit breakers, iiprotection relays, neeswitching ezingavumeli ukuthi umoya wamanzi usebenze ngempilo ngaphandle kwiziko ngelixa ekulindileyo iziphazamiso zokusebenza. Okukhangelayo kule mi ndlela kukuba kudingeka ukuthi zihlukanise iindawo ezahlukene zegrid ye-electricity. Xa kudinga ukuzibophezela, abasebenzi bangasebenza kwindawo ethile ngaphandle kokubeka konke ngokupheleleyo. Le maliyelo ihlangabezane kakhulu ezindaweni apho ukusebenza ngokuphindaphindi kumele kuhlale kuqhagamshelwa njengeziseko zomphakathi ezidinga amandla apheleleyo, iintsabela enegunya elikhulu le-infrastruxha yedatha, okanye iindlela zokwakha kumithuthi apho ukuphazamiswa okuncinci kungaxhasa amathousand na-million.

Imisebenzi Emyalo ye-Switchgear yamandla: Ukwabelana, Ukulungisa, nokuphakama

I-Switchgear ye-MV ichaza amathuba amathathu alula:

Lokhu kuthathu kunciphisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwemithombo ngexesha le-surges, ngenkqubo eyayizayo ekuthintela izinkinga eziphethwe ngokuxhomekeka kwazo 85% (CIGRE 2023).

Ukuthi I-MV Switchgear Ingavimba Kanjani Kwi-Failures Ezingenakuphikiswa Ngokuphindwa Kwesimo Esingcono

Izitanki zihlaza kakhulu noma izinhlelo ziphazanyiswa? I-MV switchgear yaqaqambisa ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana engu-30 kuze kube ngu-50, okuyisikhathi esingaphezu kwezingu-20 ngaphambi kokuba umuntu wenzela. Ngokuphazanya izinkinga ngendlela enjalo, lezi zinhlelo zilondolosa izinkinga phakathi kwesicaba segridi yezinhlelo zezinhlelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinkinga eziphansi eziningi, okunethintela izinkampani ngama-$740,000 ngosuku lwangethemba uma imisebenzi ihlinzekeka. Ngokomzekelo, indawo yokwenza izinhlayiya eMelika ethola i-switchgear yangempela ngo-2022. Ngenye indawo enkulu yokungasebenzi kwe-gridi yezinhlelo ngo-2022, bawabona ukuthi iziphazimpazimba zabo zihlukile ngaproximately 90%, njengoba kuchazwe kumngeni wendawo.

Ukuvutha Kwezinhlelo Ngokusebenza Kwe-MV Switchgear Esetyenziswa Khona

Ukubonakala Kokuphatha Ngeminyaka Yemandla Ephathekayo Nezimo Ezinembusweni Zomkhawulo

Iswitchi esaphulekileyo sevoltage yamanje isebenza kahle noma kube khona ukuphakama kwevoltage ngaphezu kuka-25% noma kangaka emva kwezinsuku ezikhala kusika sasehlobo noma xa izimali ziyakhula ekwakhiweni. Lezi zinhlelo eziphethwe zinezixhobo zobukhali bezamandla nezixhobo zokuvula okupheleleyo zazikwaziwa ukubona nokumelana nokuthintela kwamandla ngemini engu-50. Lokhu kungaphezulu kuka-60% ngaphantsi kwezinhlelo ezingaphambili, okusiza ekunikelweni kwevoltage eziphathekayo ezindaweni apho ubumnandi buhle bubaluleke kakhulu, njengezinkangala zomdlalo nezempilo nezokwakha izinto ezinezimo ezibuthathaka. Ngokwesicwangciso esishicilelwe ngojiye ngokugcinwa kwevoltage, izimbili ezinenzulwane entsha zange zibone izinkinga ezingu-8 ku-10 ezingaphansi zokungabi kwevoltage ngemva kwezimali ezihlaza kakhulu kunazo ezisebenzisa izixhobo ezidala ezifundiswa kuzinyanga ezidlule.

Izivivinyo Zokusebenza: Izixhobo Ezintsha ZeMV Ezenza Ukuba Kungekho Ukuphazanyiswa Kwemali

Indawo enkulu yokugcina iminikelo ethinta ukuthi kuthintwe kabusha ngaphansi kwezintathu ezimbili uma sithembile ekhethweni kwesistimu ephathelene ngegibilini eliphakeme enenjani yokulungisa ubume. Uma kukhona inkinga yethransiphoimu, isistimu esisha siyashisa amanzi kuze kube khona, okwakusithola izigidi ezintathu ezingakhohlakala uma kungekho ukususa. Kunesiqondiso esifanayo esembindini yokwenza izinto ezizenzakalelayo lapho zama ukulima izililo ezigxekile ngokuzimisela izikhathi ezinkimbinkimbi ezinezimali ezide. Lezi zakhela ukuba zihlale zisebenza ngendlela efanelekile nakuba kukhona iingcinga ezisixhenxe zeendawo zokuphatha umlando ngojiye lone waka. Abaphathi basephandleni babeka ukuthi izindlela zakhe zokukhokha zahlinzekile wonke le nkcono.

Ukuvivinywa Kwesithuthi SeMV Esidala Ukufaneleka Nokusebenza Okuhle Kunazo Zonke Izinhlanzakazi

Kungani isithuthi esidala seMV singena ngokulunga nokholo kumelwane wamanje kunemeko nezidingo zokuphepha

Iswitchgear esiphakeme semidini yesivinini sikhula kunezinkinga eziningi njengoba izinhlelo zokunika amandla ziyisabela. Lezi zixweba zazidlalwa ngaphambi kokuba ukubamba iqiniso ngendlela ezigcwele kube yindlela eqhelekile, futhi izilawuli eziningi manje zinezinsuku ezingaphezu kwe-40. Izimboni zokugayaza kulezi zixweba eziphakeme azizange zibekwa ngokwesivumelwano ngezidingo zezimali eziphila namuhla emazingeni aphathelene nokuthatha okuphindwe kabili kusukela ku-15 kuya ku-30 ipheresente. Lokhu kwenza abasebenzi bakhululekile kakhulu ekutholeni kwamandla - izahloli ziqinisekisa ukuthi ububi bakhetho buyiphindwa kabili ngaphezulu kukaqo kube khona izixweba ezintsha ngokwemito yesiIEEE ye-year last year. Okungcono, izinhlelo ezithekile eziningi akafani nezimpendulo zokugaya kwezimali ezisha ngokomlando mayelana nokuphazanyiswa kwe-arc flash, lokhu kwenza izinkinga eziningi zokhuseleko kubaphathi bezindlu ezifuna ukuzama ukuzima iziseko zabo.

Ukuguquguquka kumaqondo ohlelwayo kumadoda ahlelwayo: Indlela yokuvula izinhlelo ze-MV switchgear

Xa kuvulwa izinxeba ze-MV switchgear, abasebenzisi bazama ukukhetha phakathi ko:

• Ukumiswa ngokucophelela : Funda izinhlelo zomthwalo wezibonakude zomthelelo ($18k–$35k ngasinye isikhangiso) kanye nokuvuselela izimvo zokuphepha
• Ukufaka futhi konke : Ukufaka izivivinyo ze-vacuum ezingenanto ze-SF6 nge-IEC 62271-200

Isahluko se-2024 sokuhlelwa kwesithuthi sabasebenzi satholile ukuthi ukumiswa ngokucophelela kusiza ekuneni 82% yezimphakathi zakho kunye nezindleko ezincane ngama-45% kumqondo odlule 25 unyaka, ngelixa ukufaka futhi konke kusho ukuthi kuyisilinganiso esihle kakhulu kumqondo waphambilini ukuqeqeshwa kabusha okudinga ukubuyekezwa konke.

Ukuthuthukisa kwezimali, ubuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza kwezinsuku ngokushesha kokuvuselelwa kwezivivinyo

Ukubuyekezwa kunciphisa inani lezinsuku ezingavuselekile ngamandla ngenxa yezinkinga ngama-73% ngaphakathi kweguqulelo yezinsuku ezingu-5 (ingxoxo kaNERC 2023 mayelana nobulungiswa). I-MV switchgear esishintshwe ivuselela:

Loo hlelo luthuthukiswa lukulingana nezimfuno ze-NFPA 70E zokhuseleko, kuyancipha amandla e-incident ye-arc flash ngezansi kuka-1.2 cal/cm² kwi-94% yezinhlelo ezihleliwe.

Izinqumo zokuhlela ngaphambi kwesimo ukuqinisekisa ukususa kwe-MV Switchgear

Kudingeka ukulungiswa okuhlelwayo kwe-MV (switchgear) ukuze kugweshwe izimo ekuphazinywa kuzophazimula abayimfundi ngendima engu- $740k ngalunye ulimo olungahlekanga . Ngaphandle kwezinqumo ezifakelwa ngemuva kwesimo, izinqumo ezihlelayo zilingana nezimiso ezifanayo no-NFPA 70B ukuze kugcinwe ubude bebuso bezixhobo futhi kube yincane indlela yokuhlukahluka yesiseko.

Indima ebalulekile yokulungiswa ekugweshweni kwezimo ezingahlekanga zokunikwa kwezimali

Isibalo esikhundleni se-2023 sasithola ukuthi izindawo ezinamakhono eziyisikhombisa nganye i-quarter zazithola 62% ngokungenani kwezinyikilo zezimali kunesilima kubo bonke abasebenzisa iziphiwo zokulungisa. Umsebenzi wokulungiswa ngaphambi kwehlanza unquma izindawo ezifana nokuhlukunyezwa kwebhontshisi, ukuchithwa kwegalasi, nokungahlelekile kweminyaka ngaphambi kokuba kube yisimo esiphakeme. Isibonelo, umfanekiso wethemperathiya kubona izixhumanisi eziphazanyayo ngaphambi kwehluleka kabusha ngezinsuku ezingu-8–12.

Ukulungiswa Ngaphambi Kwesimo Esingcono Kuningi: Izinhlelo Ezihlelayo Kusistimu ye-MV

Izisebenzi zokulungiswa ngaphambi futhi njenge-ukulubiza nokucula izixhumanisi zilungile kakhulu, kodwa izistimu zamanje zihlanganisa ngokuphindaphindi i-analytical yokupredikta. Indlela efakelwe yabili ikhubaza izindleko zokulungiswa ngo 34%noma ikhuthaze isimo sezivivinyo ze-MV ngama-6–8 ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zakamuva.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ubani ubude bevolthi besebenzi sivivinyo sevolthi esiphansi?

Ivivinyo sevolthi esiphansi isebenza kubude bevolthi okungekho kuphela kikilovolthi eyodwa kuze kube kikilovolthi ezi-36.

Kungani kubalulekile ukulahlekelwa ngokushesha kwezimboni e-MV switchgear?

Ukulahlekwa ngokushesha kwezimboni kuyisidingo ekulungeni izinkinga phakathi kwesicathuli sesiseko sangempuma, ukuvikela ukuphazamiseka okuphelele kwebhodi yokumisa impawu, nokunciphisa izigaba zokusebenza.

Yiziphi izenzo ezifana nekuqonda kwezakhiwo ze-MV switchgear ezindala?

Ukuqonda kwezakhiwo ze-MV switchgear ezindala kuhlela ubomi, ubuchwepheshe, nokusebenza ngokuphambene ngenxa yokuncipha kwezinsuku zokungasebenzi ngezimboni, ukuthuthukisa izikhathi zokuphendula kwezimboni, nokunciphisa izindleko zokuhlenga.