Izisithuthi Emtwetwe: Isikhulu Esifanele Sokusebenza Kwamandla

Kuqonda i-Box-Type Substations: Izinto Ezifanele Ekunyuseni Kwamandla

Izincazelo Ezisunguliweyo Nokuhlelo Kwesikha

Izisithuthi zokwahlukanisa izinhloso eziphambene nezokuxhumana kuzo kwezinye izinhloso zokudiliza kwezinhloso zasekati. Zifaka phakathi izithunzi, izibhindi zokuhluka, kunye nezinye iipaneli zokulawula ngaphakathi kwenqwalithi ethile. Le ndawo ziyindlela ngokubangelwa ngokuhamba kweyishumi kwaye ukulawula ukungena kwezikhundla. Izithunzi nguqu ngokubangelwa kuzo okuphambene nezinhloso zasekati ngokuba ziyindlela yokulandela amandla okudiliza. Iziphindi zokuhluka ziyindlela yokulawula ukuphela kweyishumi xa kuneengcingo, okuyindlela yokulawula ukungena kwezikhundla. Iipaneli zokulawula zivumela abasebenzisi ukubheka ukuthi yini okuhlala kuhamba ngayo neyishumi kwaye akwenzele ukulandela ngokudingekileyo.

Izisithuthi zokugcina uhlobo zinezimboniso ezinhle ngokwesikhundla lapho kungekho esikhundla esaneleyo. Lezi zinhlobo zokugcina uhlobo zidilizwe ngokusheshisa futhi zivelwe ngokudluliselwa kwezimodi ngaphandle kweqondo, okwenza kube lula ukulayisha kizindaweni ezamkhethekileyo. Amadoda engenayo ukuthengwa kwezindawo zokulinganisa izisithuthi zokugcina uhlobo noma ngokuphelele kwezindawo ezithile futhi zingenakuthi kwehlise kakhulu ngokuthi kwehlise isikhundla esaneleyo. Izisithuthi zokugcina uhlobo zidilizwe ngokuthi zisebenzisa izinto ezinezimali ezinkulu futhi zingenakuthi zilungiselelwe ngokwehliselelwa kwezindlela zokungena kwezitsha noma ukwehliselelwa kwezimali. Lezi zimboniso zenza ukuthi izisithuthi zokugcina uhlobo zisebenze kahle noma ngemva yiminyaka engaphambene nezimo zokulula futhi nezinye izimo zokulinganisa.

Umsebenzi wokwahlula umgca we-Panel

Izibhodi zokunquma ngezithuba zokulungisa umthwalo ziqhutywa indima mu-ukugcina umthuthi wokusebenza kwezinhloso zokunquma kuzo izindawo ezingaphandle kwezindawo zokunquma. Oku kwenza ngokwesibonelo ukuthi kuthinte amandla kakhulu ekushiseni ukulayela kakhulu, oku kunciphisa ukwehliswa kwezinhlobo. Noma yikuphi okuphumelelayo kwezinhlobo. Le zibhodi zisebenza njengesicelo sokulungisa ukwehliswa nokuthungatha, ngakho amandla ayasebenza ngokushesha. Uma awunayo, siyokuthola ukuthi kunezikhathi eziningi eziphansi kwezinye izikhathi, oku akudingeki lapho kunezikhathi ezikhulu eziphansi kwezinye izikhathi.

Izibhokisi zokugcina umgwaqo akudla ngokwazo kodwa ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza okuphumelelayo kwayo okwenza kube yimali futhi kube nemisebenzi engcono kahle. Imodeli eisha inemigwaqo engeziwe futhi nezinhlelo zokulandwa ngokushesha kanye nezinhlelo zokulandwa ngokuzenzekela ukuhlelwa ngokushesha kwezinkinga ngaphandle kokudinga ukulandwa ngokwesibonelo. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kube khona okungcono kakhulu futhi kunciphise ukusebenzisa umgwaqo ngokushesha kuzo zonke izindawo. Kuye kube yimali kakhulu abasebenzisa izibhokisi zokuguqula umgwaqo, lokhu kuthinta ukuthi kube yimali ukugcina umgwaqo oqinile kahle lapho kuthayelelwa ukuthi kube yimali ukuthi kuzo zonke izindawo eziphilayo kudinga lezinhlelo eziphumelelayo.

Izimpawu Ezithuthukisa Ukutholwa Kwinhlango

isimemo Esingaba Ngama-80% Ezingeni Lendabuko

Izisalvo esitye sokugcinwa kwezindawo, okwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa kakhulu ngakho-ke kuzo zindzindawo ezikhulu lapho umetro wesikathu ngamunye uyahlukahluka. Izisalvo eziqine zokugcinwa izindawo eziphezulu, kodwa le nto encane yazo izindawo ngama-80%. Le nto ethile ikwenza amandla wezindawo aqonde ukwakha amandla wabo ngaphandle kokuthola amadindawo aphezulu kakhulu. Ezindlela zasemathini Tokyo neNew York ngemibandela lezo zisalvo ezincane, okwenza kube lula ukunqatha kwamandla ngelokhu kuzo zindawo ezikhulu. Ukuthi kungcono ukufaka lezo zisalvo ezindaweni ezincane ikwenza kube lula ukuthi kungcono kuzo abakhankatha amadindawo lapho kuzokhula kakhulu kwezimpophongo nezindawo ezifewekayo kakhulu.

Ukubangela okuvela ngaphambi kweNkqubo yokuvumelana ngokushesha

Ukusebenzisa amaphrepha yekhaya lekhathini lesubsta ethintekayo kakhulu ukuthimelela isikhathi sokufaka, okungukuphumelela kakhulu xa usebenza emakhaya amakhulu noma kizindawo zokuthengisa ezikhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, kube khona ukuthiwa kakhulu kwezinye izincazelo zokuthengisa ezikhulu eGermany ngonyaka waqulathe. Bayaphakelwa lezi zinhlelo ngemva kweminyaka engu-20 kunesikhathi esingu-10. Okunconywa phezulu? Akukho maphulelo kumkhiqizo wokusetshenziswa ngemva kwezibonelo. Ngokwesibonelo, lezi zinhlelo zokuthengisa ezikhulu zethula amaphela kakhulu ngokwesibonelo ngokuthi konke kuyakhiwa ngempumelelo ngokuqala ngaphandle kwezinto ezithintekayo ezikhona kakhulu.

Imali Ehlukene Nezivikelwano Ngokuphelele

Izisithuthi zokugcinwa kwezinhawu zidinga izindleko eziphansi kakhulu ngokuphelele kwezinyuka zokuthi yizinto ezinhle zokwenziwa okungahle kuthwalwa ngokushesha. Lezi zinhawu ngokuvamile zinhlanjwe ngezinto okuthola imvuselela kakhulu kulezinto ezingena kuzo kanye noma kudinga ukulungiswa phakathi, ngakho ke ziyinhle kakhulu kulezinhawu ezintsha xa kufundwa ukunciphisa izindleko ngokude. Izinombolo zokugcina zibonisa futhi okuthile okuthembekile futhi izindleko zokugcinwa kulezi zinhawu zintsha zingaba yisithupa kancane noma kungabi noma yiziphi izindleko zokugcinwa eziphansi kulezinhawu eziyisithupha. Ngokudla, ababhili bazo balela izigaba ezinhle zokugcinwa, okuthi abasebenzisi badinga ukulungiswa okungathulwa. Ukuxhumiwa kwezokugcinwa okuhle kanye nekakhulwane yabo ababhili kulezi zinhawu kuthiwa yisikhathi esinhle kubantu bokuthenga ngokufunda ukunciphisa izindleko ngokude.

Izixhobo zokuvumela ukuxhumeka kwamandla

Kuzo zikhundla lapho izinduduko zemvungu zimele kakhulu, kuyindle ukuthi izicathami zokuxhumana zibe nemvelo yokuthola ukuthinte. Lezi zicathami ezinhloso nezifundo eziqinile zokuthola izinduduko ngokwemithi yokuphila, ngakho ke zilungile xa lapho kuthinta. Lezi zinkazwano ezithile zisusa kumakhiwe futhi kuzincombeni ezinhle. Abakhubekazi lalokho, njengoba uDr. Sarah Thompson, bafaka amaphela ukuthi lezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umbhokiselo wamandla kuzo zikhundla ezinezinduduko. Sibonile lokhu kusebenza kahle kuzo nzela ezithile njengase California, lapho noma ngemva kwezinduduko ezinkulu, lezi zicathami zilungile ngaphandle kokuthintwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla alinganisa kuzo zikhaya nezinkampani, okwenza umbhokiselo wamandla onke wenzile kakhulu ngokulandelana nezinduduko.

Ukuthunyelwa Kwezobuchwephesha & Imisebenzi Yezindleko

IoT Integration for Real-Time Grid Monitoring

Ukungenisa i-IoT tech kwiisikholeli zokugcinwa kumntanantana ngokupheleleyo ubungqina njani siyakudala amandla ngokukhokha isicathami umgangatho kwaye uthike imininingwano ngexesha elifanayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abasebenzi ngoku bangakhangela iingxaki ngokudide kwaye bapredict ngenxa yokuba kufuneka kudazwe, ekwenza ukuba izigqibo zilandele kahle. Ngezisenseyo zokungenisa IoT, abasebenzi bakhupha iingxaki ngokukhawuleza kwaye bethumele inkxaso apho kufuneka, oku kuyakugcina ukuba iziservice zilandele kahle kwaye ukuba kunciphisele ukuphela kwezixhobo. Vumani Tokyo njengomzekelo: isikholeli esinye sasekona sapho ukuba izigqibo zabo zidla ngama-30% emva kokuba sigeniswe IoT. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu wasekona waphela ngenxa yokuba kufuneka kudazwe, ngoko ke amandla ayakudla ngexesha le nto okanye ngokungqinelwa. Indlela ezi sikholeli zokugcinwa zasekona zingeniswe kuyakubonisa ngokupheleleyo indawo e-IoT yayo. Angabalingani na xa kungenxa yokuba kungqinelwa, abasebenzi ngoku banezindlela zokujonga kwiintambo zabo, ekunika kubo inkontrola ngaphezulu kwezinto ezininzi kwaye kwiindlela zokugcinwa.

Ukugcinwa Kwemvula Yebhatteri Yokunyusa Imvundla

Iziteshi ezincane ezinobumba zidlala indima ebalulekile lapho kuhlanganiswa izinhlelo zikagesi welanga, ikakhulukazi lapho zihlanganiswa nezisombululo zokugcina amabhethri. Lapho lezi zingxenye zisebenza ndawonye kahle, sithola amandla angcono futhi sinikeze amandla athembekile avela emithonjeni evuselelekayo. Lezi ziteshi-mpilo empeleni ziqukethe yonke imishini edingekayo yokugcina ugesi owakhiwe yilanga, okusiza izinsiza-kuhle ukuba zilinganise lapho abantu bedinga ugesi uma kuqhathaniswa nalapho ukhiqizwa. Thatha iCalifornia njengesibonelo, bebelokhu betshala imali eningi kulolu hlobo lokuhambisana kobuchwepheshe ukuze nje bagcine ugesi wabo uzinzile ngesikhathi sezulu esibi. Le mboni nayo ikhula ngokushesha, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aluhlaza nokubambisana phakathi kwababambiqhaza abahlukahlukene. Sibona iziteshi ezincane ezinamabhokisi ziba yizimiso ezivamile enkabeni yamadolobha nasezindaweni ezikude lapho ingqalasizinda yendabuko ingenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ukuthunyelwa Kwesistimu Yokugcinwa Kwezinhloso (BESS)

Ukufaka i-Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) kwi-substations eziphakathi kwenziwa yindlela encane emhlophe yokusebenza ngemimandla yethu. Le ndawo zokugcinwa kuthuthukisa ukusebenzela kwemimandla xa kusebenzisa ngaphezulu, ngokuqondile xa kunezixeko eziphakathi, ukulungisa izilawuli phakathi kwezidingo nezifumene. Sicacile ukuthi kuzo zonke iindlela ezingu-Germany xa i-BESS yavela ngokusebenzisa imimandla ngendlela encane. Zenza ngaleyo ndlela ukuncipha izindleko zokusebenzisa ngokuphezulu futhi zinike amandla esibambayo xa kudingekile. I-structure ye-box-type substations yenziwa ngendlela encane yokuthi i-BESS yasebenze ngokuhambelana nayo, ukuvumela ukugcinwa kwamandla aphakathi xa kungapheli futhi ukuthola kabusha xa kudingekile. Le ndawo yombini yenqubo yokuqondile ukuthi ukuxhumana kwezinye iintambo zokusebenza kungenzela ukuthi i-utility companies zenze ngendlela encane.

Ukufaneleka komphumelelo weWind Farm

Izisbhidzo se-elekthrisithi zokugcinwa kwezimali zinikeza ukusebenza okuhle xa kuvumekwa ukwahlulwa kwezikhwama evela kwezindlu zokungenisa izikhwama. Lezi zinhloso zinezinhlelo zokudizayina eziphambene nezindlela zokungenisa izikhwama, njengezindlela ezinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nezinhlelo yokuhlela okungakhetha ukulingana nezidingo zokuhlela. Lokhu kusebenza ukukhumbula ukulethwa kwezikhwama ezinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kumadivayisi amakhubalo, okwenza isistimu sibonakale kakhulu. Ngokwesithombe esithile esitholakala kakhulu kubasebenzisi abasebenzisa amandla afika kakhulu, amandla wokungenisa izikhwama ayizinto eziphilayo kakhulu ngemisebenzi yezimali ezisetshenziswa ngazo. Okukhombisa ukuthi yini lezi zisbhidzo ziyisikali ngokweqile kukuthi ziyasebenzisa nezinye iindlela zokungenisa amandla afika, okwenza isistimu samandla esizayo asibeke kakhulu kodwa futhi ayenze ukusebenza kwezinye izinto eziphilayo nezinye izinkinga ezingavumelwanga.

Ukusebenzisa Ngokuvavanyo

Ukulawulwa Kwemigwa Yokuqala

Ukudizainwa okukhulu kanye neffiseyensi yezikhululo zokwenza substation kwenza ukuba yisikweletu esibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi wendawo. Lezi zinhlobo zenza ukuba zisebenzise amandla amaningi ngokulinganisa nezinhlobo eziqinile, futhi kungenzeka ukuthatha amandla angamaqanda amathathu, ngakho ke zifisa kahle kuzindawo zokuphelela eziphakeme kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi amadodakazi amathile ayenza ukuba amakhishwe kuzo ngokusebenza kwezimali. Bona ukuthuthukiswa kusona kona kusona kwezindawo ezikhulu, uzobona ukuthi lezi zikhululo zikhululwe kuzindawo zokuphakama noma kuzindawo ezinemaphakathi amakhulu, zinikeza amandla alinganayo. Ngokubaluleka kwezinye izinkinga ekulokweni kazo kuzindawo zokuphelela. Ukuba kudingeka kuthunyelwe kwezinye izinhlobo zaseleyo kanye nokwembeni kwezinye izimvume zasegoverimenti kungaba yinkinga. Kodwa, abakhankatha abaningi bethola le zikhululo ngokuba bakhohlwa ngokungenakwa kwezimali kusona kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha ezinhle, okuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu kuzindawo ezinemiphakathi eziphakeme.

Amasosha wokusebenza aseNhlwini

Imisebenzi yezimayini incike kakhulu ezitsheni ezincane ngoba zinikeza izixazululo eziqinile zamandla ezingakwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima ezitholakala ezimayini. Okubahlukanisa ukuthi bayakwazi ukuzulazula kalula ngenxa yokwakheka kwabo. Lapho ukuhlelwa kwemigodi kushintsha noma izindawo ezintsha zidinga ugesi, la manani angathunyelwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibaziseka okukhulu. Izinkampani ezinjengeRio Tinto ziye zazisebenzisa kahle kulezi zimiso ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene lapho indawo iba nzima khona. Lezi ziteshi zenza amandla aqhubeke efika emishini ebalulekile ngisho nalapho izinto zingahambi kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba zakhiwe ukuze zihlale isikhathi eside futhi zidinga ukugcinwa okuncane uma ziqhathaniswa nezakhiwo ezivamile, opharetha bonga imali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kokuqina nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kwenza iziteshi ezincane ezinjengebhokisi zibe ukukhetha okuhle kulabo abasebenza ezindaweni ezimayini okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo.

Ukuxhuma Kwamaprojekthi Wemvula

Izisithuthi zokhombisa itayipha lebokisi zixhanta ukusetyenziswa kwesolari kwiingceke zokulayisha kwaye zinzisa indlela ebonisa ukusebenza kwezi sistimi ngomhla ngwemhla. Zidwelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuba yimele kwiindawo zokulayisha kwezolari, oko kuthetha ukuba kukhuluwe ngakumbi ukuthambekela phakathi kwezinto eziphumelela kwiibhodi nezinto ezithunyelwa kwingceke. Ngelixa iifarm ezingaphambili zokulayisha kwezolari zikhula ngokuphindaphindayo emhlengeni, le zisithuthi ezipethwayo zicwangcisa ukuphathi kwezi zixhobo ezintsha ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi. Abasebenzisi bayingceke babize ukuba bakhona ukongeza ngokuphindaphinda kwezimali zokulayisha kwezolari ezingaphambili ngomhlaba. Xa iisithuthi zilungisa kwaye zithunyelwe ukulayisha ngendlela ethembekileyo, zinika amandla ukukhula kweemveliso ezincinci zemathile kwaye kwezifentile eziphezulu ngaphandle kokugcina kwezinye izinto zokugcina.