Isikhwama Sokuqala: Umkhondo Wokuthatha Isibonelo

Ukufunda Ukuthi Ingxenye Yokuqala YeRing Main Units (RMUs) Yini Ngesinye Sokuthatha Isibonelo

Izicwangciso Ezikhoyo Zokuqala Zokuqala

Umthengi wokubuyela amandla (RMU) uyinkqubo enkulu kwi-sistimu sokuthabatha amandla esetshenziswa nge-imeyi iphethu elinekhoboko ezininzi okudinga ukuthi isebenze ngasihloko esiphakeme nokuhlola. Ukusetyenziswa kwamaphethwe, i-circuit breakers kunye ne-load break switch zikhululekile kwi-RMUs. I-busbar network sifundza njengomphatho omphambili wesithathu sesikhephe sezingaphandle. I-CB kunye ne-DS ziyingxenye ezindleni kuhlanganisa uhlobo lwe-network, uzihlobene nge-sistimu sokudibanisa kunye nokusebenza ngasihloko. Imigomo yale mibuzo idinga ukuba zisusiwe ngempumelelo kunye nezicatshulwa ezidingayo, kunye neziqhutywa ezizange ziqiniseke umthengi wokubuyela amandla. Ukunikezelwa kwe-nameplate kukhishwa, ngalokho usuku lwesibini ungavumelana nokufinyelela kunye nokuthi uhlaba lokusebenza lungeze ukusetyenziswa.

Bokuqinisekisa ephakathi kweRing Main Units Uhambo Lwenkulumane

Ukhuphelo lwezinye zokusebenza kwisekhondlo sifundzisayo lokusebenza, futhi i-RMUs zingakho ezindaweni zokungena ukukhupha lokusebenza. Izilimi le-RMU zikhetha amadela amaningi lokusetyenziswa kwesiqephu sokufundziswa. Ngokushesha nge-loop amaningi (ngokushesha loop okanye umsindo), isikhwama sakho singakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle komoya ngakwakhona ukuba umdlalo wahlulekile. Ukubheka kwezindlela zokusetyenziswa kwisekhondlo esidluliswayo sezansi kukholela ukugcina okungenani kwezinsuku zokugqumelela ezikhatsi zezindlela eziyiziphi-iziqu elihliseleyo le-RMUs, uzame ukucacisa ukuthi zidinga ukungabuyele ekupheleni lokuhlola ukusetshenziswa.

Amalayithi Amanqaku Emdede

Ukuthi ngokugcineni kwezinhlobo zomphendulo emasinyeni, i-RMUs ziyiqhawu elikhulu lokuncane lapho kunesithathu esingabangako. Ngokubalulekileyo kwezifaktori zemali, zi-RMUs ziniketela kakhulu ngoba kuninzi imibhalo ethunyelwe ephakathi kwesifaktori esikhethweni ukuba baboniswe ngokupheleleyo nokulandelayo ukuvumela ukusafisana komkhuhlane okusebenza kanye nokuhlala ngokukhangelanga kuzo zonke izinto ezihluhleneyo. Amasayithi amasolophandle nokulandela amaxhobo omncane wamalungiselelo anika i-RMUs ukuze akufakwe kwi-grid ngenqanawe yokushintsha nokusetyenziswa kweenergy. Ngokwesiphumo sokuthi sikhona umsebenzi wemali, i-RMUs zizama ukuthola isenzo sokuqinisekisa kanye nokuhlala ngokukhangelanga kwe-energy. Ukusuka kwe-RMUs kulesi sisekelo sikufuneka izinkinga ezininzi nokuhlala ngokukhangelanga nokuhlala ngokupheleleyo nokuhlala ngokukhangelanga, ukuye usizo lwabo luyahlukile kusupha ukuthi baye abantu abahlinzekile bakhona.

Ukuxhasa Kwemigrid Esintsha kunye ne-IoT Amahhase

Ukufinyelela kwezindlela ezimbili kukhuthazwa ngokupheleleyo ngeyingxenye yama-Ring Main Units (RMU). Lomkhakha lokuvula kuhlanganisa nokuthi iyinhlanhleni le-IoT, eyayiphiwa ukubonisa ngamanje kunye ne-analysisi yesikhatsi sokuqala. Bayenza ukuba kuhle ukusetha amandla yokusebenza kwesibhedlela ngempumelelo kunye nokuthuthukisa ukumekelwa okuthuliyo. Ngokugcina, amaphrotholi we-smart grid ababangako babungavalela isenzo senkinga ngokuphi 20% ngokusetshenziswa kwezicatshulwa kunye nokusondwa kokuthi kuhluke iinkube zemfuyo. Ukubuyisela lokhu liphindaphinda ukuthi akukho usizo wesibhedlela kunye nokusetshentlaleni lokulanda emuva kwisebenzelo zesistimu sesibhedlela.

Amalungiselelo Asebenzisiyo Apho SF6 Gas

I-SF6 emahhala RMUs zisebenzela njenge-RMU esitshalweni kwi-RMU ngakwesokudla nge-RMU yonke amaphephandaba ngokujikelele. Ngoba i-SF6 yinguqugu eliphakamileyo lweemithombo yezindlovu ezikhulu ngaphandle komunye umahhala weemithombo, le-RMU zingabulawa ukuba zibuyelekile iminyaka. Amabhreki ezenqanawe angenziwayo phakathi kwesikhwama sokuthi abulawayo, kodwa amakhono amacayishoni avela ngonyaka ezintsha okanye amahhala amanani amaqhathanisiweyo angavumelana nokuthula oluhlola. Leziphi izinketho ziqhubekisa ukubulawa kokuthula oluhlola futhi zisigcizelela ukusukelwa kweempahla yokuphumelela lokusebenza. Ngiyinye, useto lwabantfu olusetshenziswa kuhlukele ekhatheni lweemithombo yezindlovu ezikhulu ngemva kokuthi kulungile neentsha yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlola kweemithombo yezindlovu.

Ukulandelela Dijithali Yophrofethi

Amasistimu esidingesiwe kuhlu kuhlula ukuthi amahhala angqale ngokuphelele kunye nekufanele yokusebenza kweRMU. Izindlela eziyingesi lezamasistimu zabelise izimo ezinomfazwe ngaphambi kokuziphumela ngenqubo yokuholwa okubhedelelwa kunye nokususa ukusuka kwemali kunye nokukhathalisa umculo. Isibuko saseduli sikakhiwa ukubona ngendawo yokugcina weRMU ukuze lisebenze imininingwane yesiqephu lokuthiwe ngokushesha. Kube isicatshulwa ukuthi izigodukwana ezithetha ngepredictive maintenance zikhathale ukungavaliwe amagama angu-30% kwe downtime, uzame ukubonisa ukuthi lokho olunamandla kuhlu kuhluleka ukuthi amaprosesu amaningi asebenza ngokudinga lokho olungayiphiyo kunye nokuhlola ukusebenza.

Ukuxhumana nokubeka Okuthunyelwe Kwisimbi & Amastore Yobhethe

Ukuxhaphazela kweRMUs ngokwesiqephu esinqumeni ngephrofitha yesikhathi kunye nokugcina umoya wesiqephu wamanje ngokupheleleyo yomthetho wesikweletu. Oku kuhlu, ngoba i-RMUs zihlukileyo kubhedlela nokuthola kwesistimu sokusetyenziswa komoya ofutshane. Zingabizwa ukuba zifinyele ifundiso lokusebenzisa umoya wesiqephu kunye nokugcina umoya wesiqephu futhi ukufinyelela amandla okusetyenziswa komoya ofutshane kulesikweletu sesikweletu. Ukufakwa kokusebenzisa komoya ofutshane kukhuthaza, izinombolo zikhuluma nge-20% ukusuka kumoya osebenziswayo ngoenyaka olushesha, kunye nokuthi RMUs zikhona ukwenza le ndaba. I-RMUs zisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ukusukelela umoya omkhulu wesiqephu ngokungcono nokuhlola ukusukela ukuthi umoya ofutshane alunyelwe ngendlela yakho.

Umbalulekiso wesintu nokubuyekezwa kweendaweni

Ukuphela kwezilanda ezindaweni zikuleli khona ngokushesha ukuthi lokhu kuhlela ucingo lwenqanawe yemali yokusetyenziswa, njengesi RMUs. Ngenxa yalokho ukuba amahlobo angaphambili akwazi ukubeka indlela yokuhlola nokuthuthukisa umlando wendlela yokusetyenziswa komali, phakathi kwamakhono okanye amasiko asempilo esihlangene nokuthi umuntu omncane obonakaleyo, kunjalo kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kulandelayo kufanele kuzibekwe ngeendlela ezikhonzayo nokuthi zikhulu. Izikhali nezikhali eziphambili zikhuluma ukuthi zingabheka ukuthi zifundise iindlela zomali ukuthi zisodiswe ngalokhu olungaba ngenxa yalokho ukuthi umlando wendlela yokusetyenziswa womali uziphumelelela nokuthi uzimangelelela. Ngisho i-United Nations ifunda ukuthi umphakathi wabantu wesintshonalanga emagunyeni emahlathini kwi-2050 uzobenza 68% wezinsizatu ezikhulu, lokhu kunjalo kuholela lokho ukuthi umlando wendlela yokusetyenziswa komali ekhulu kufanele kube kakhulu. Ukufaka komali lokusebenza kuhlonipheka izindlela ezincedisiwe ukuthi zifundise iindlela zakusetyenziswa komali nokuthi zikhuluzele.

Umnikelo wesicathulo sokunquma kakhulu

Kusendaweni lokugcina, kunezinyathelo ezifanekiso zokuthi kufanele ukubuyiselwa kwesolusheni esikhizekiseni sokuphucula amperheya ephakathi - RMUs. Ukubuyisela ngokwesobizo sasenzo, sihlukwe njengemfano yokuthi ucinga umthetho wokuqala nokuthi okunyeleyo. Zinyathelo eziphumeleyo eziningi zikusenzelwa ngezindawo ezinikezeli, njengezindlela zokugcina, umoya nomthunduzi wemilondolozi okungafanele yinto yokuba yindlela leyo yokuqaphela RMU. Ngokulandelayo, kwiqhobo lokuhlola, izincinci zizoba zihlale ngokubuyekeza ukusebenzisa uphuculo oluhle olungaphandle kompende, xa kunye neqhobo lokuhlola lomoya omncedisiwe, zizoba zibuyiselwa ukuthi zisebenzele imisebenzi yesithuthi somoya. Kunezindlela ezidinga ukuthi lokho lokugcina: isitadi esikhulu sikhethe ukuthi imarketi yesolusheni esibuyiselwayo sizohlala ukusuka ngamashumi amasixhenxe amashumi ngemuva kokuthi indawo yakhiwo yahluleka ngokuthi yingxenye yezinto ezibuyiselwayo.

Umbiko Wokuthiweka Kwesethelo Lesifundzwane Esingaphambili Kusasa

Ukubuya kwezokwenzeka kakhulu kwesibayiso sokuqala lisithunyelwa ngendlela elithileyo nokuthiwa nge-Ring Main Units (RMUs) esetshentisela umlando. Ukuphatha kunyekiswa ngamagama aphantsi neChina, India kunene namasebenzi wesizulu saSikhosezi sesiAfrika, abazama ukwenza iziphrojekthi ezikhandzeni kakhulu zomphakathi futhi bazihlanganisa imali encinci ngazo zomphakathi wemfanelo yabo. Izinyathelo ze-RMUs zingavumelekile ukuthiwa nokuhlola amaphrojekthi adabuko lokusetyenziswa lomphakathi. Ngaphandle, ukusebenza kakhulu kwabantu kunene umlando omkhulu wezindaweni ezinethunyelwa ehlaweni linikeza ukuthiwa nokufika kulokhu olungaba phakathi komphakathi efanele, okanye yokuhlola. Iziphumo ze-RMUs e-Aphukirentsha ku-Apheke khona kuhlukeleka ngokusetyenziswa kwezindlela ezinhloko zokuthuthukisa nokuthiwa noma mpahla emfulweni.

Ukuhlukelela Kwemfundo WeNgeniso Yokuqala E-Ewrophe

I-Europe iyiphambili yezilungiselelo ezikhona ukusukela kwezilungiso zokuhlola udlu, ungenziwayo phakathi komkhathalintsimbi wesibhedlela RMU. Amadodana kwalokho lomqondo wamagama njalo ne-Germany nesi-Denmark, wonke amasimu apho angena amandla amahhale asekuhlolwa kumazwi omphambeneyo lokulungisa amandla amahlula esingazange ubheka ukusetyenziswa kwesibhedlela RMU ukwenza umthetho wesidingo. Ngaphandle, izicwangciso ezingqanayo ze-Union ya Europe yokuhlola indlela yezilungiso ziyingenziya uphawu lwesibhedlela RMU lokusetshenziswa ngokuphi ingxenyeko elingekho lesizilungiso somdlalo omdala. Ngiyexhasa, i-Europe sithiwe imigomo eminingi yezilungiso zokuhlola udlu - ukucacisa ukuthi imisango yesibhedlela RMU kunoma kulomlando. Idatha ye-International Energy Agency (IEA) isebenza ukubonisa ukuthi amasibhedlela akhona RMU angaba ngenxa yokuthuthukisa amandla amahlula sesidingo sa-EU.

Umbono Wemkhakha We-North America Wokuqinisekisa Ukusetyenziswa Komphilo

Ukushintamisa amagrid e-North America ngokwesikhatsi sifaniso sokuthuthukisa imali yomkhanye we-RMUs. Iphrovinshi ineminyaka emangeni yamaphrojekthi yegumbi nezimali ezinathintelela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-grid ukuze libe lalungileyo lokuhlala phakathi komhlaba okufanele nokuhlalelwa nge-attack zama-computer. Ukusetyenziswa we-RMUs kumngeni wesentela sihlukanisiwe ngokupheleleyo kakhulu lokulandelana nokuthola ukuphucukeleka kwesikhwamlomo sezokuphucuka kanye nokubuyisela kwe-electricity. North America, iphrovinshi esethelayo, isetshenziswa kakhulu futhi kwi-RMUs ngokusebenzela polisi epheleleyo ekhona kwiseva yesifundazwe ukuthi akusethwe umsebenzi wabo. Amalungiselelo angamandla okwangoku kungenani ukuthi amaphrojekthi kwi-RMU akusetshenziswa, okungabonakali ukuthi abahlinzekile baye abahamba ngokubhekisisa ukuthi lokho kuhlanganise ukuthi lokhu kuzobuyiselwa kakhulu lokunquma ukudibanisa i-power phakathi komhlaba okufanele nokuhlalelwa nge-challenges ezisodwa nezinkolekhi.

ABB kunye neSiemens: Abasebenzisi bakho bakwesintu sikhangako RMU

ABB kunye neSiemens ziyindlela ezikhoyo kakhulu esupheleleyo kwezilungiselelo ze-RMU ezincedise ukusukela nokuhlola ngokubuzwa kwisebe lokusebenza umoya. Abasebenzisi ababili babaluleka ameateru wephoyintshini ngekhathami okuthile, njenge-IoT ukuhlolwa kokugcina kanye nokudibana ngemva kokunikezelwa kwesikhashana sokugqumelela ukufakelwa kokubonisa izifawethu namandla ukwenza ukuba imigodi yasebenzi yezibopheleli. Ngakwesiphi, Siemens inombolo ´8DJH Compact´ - isimo esingasinye, sijulileyo phakathi komoya omkhulu-omsebenziswayo (Medium-voltage Ring Main Unit (RMU)) esihlanganiswe ngamazwe yonkxaso yokusebenza elekhetiskhali, ngenxa yalokho kukho iindawo ezidingekayo nokumenzekelayo. ABB usaphinde uhlonipha ukuthi amafomu akho SafeRing kunye noSafePlus azisebenzise idizayn ithile, esiphakeme kahle, esingasinye, efanelekile ukubonisa amandla ekugcineneyo nokuvavanya ukusebenza kwisebe lokusebenza umoya. Ukuthi bahlala bakhona kuhluke kakhulu kwiindawo yeephoyintshini, kunye nokuthi ziqale izimbongi zabo eziphathelwe ngokubuzwa kwisebe lokusebenza umoya, ngokusho ukuthi kumgangatho angalawa zibezele izinhlobo ezithile ezithi zidalale ukuthi zidlule.

Indlela yokuthatha yaseSchneider Electric kwiGrid Digitalization

Ngenxa yesiwo esisodwa kakhulu kwezilungiselelo ze-RMU, Schneider Electric uqhubekile ukufundiswa kokudijitshalisa komphendulo ngokushesha olusha. Isimo sase-EcoStruxure sesikampani siyabuyiselisa ukuba amahhadi we-RMU angavumelekile ukubuyiselwa ngokukhaphazane kwi-sistemi sokugcina okujikeleleyo, usetyenziswa esihle kwe-data nesibhedlela esidistanti. Izidingo ezikhona ngokwesiqinisekiso, njenge-ntshonalanga lwakhe nokusebenzela Engie e-Nomthetho Wanhu, bafundiswe izicathulo zokungqukuze-kuthula nezokususa ekuseni lokulandelayo lokusebenza emfuyo. Amalayithi apha akhangele abantu abaningi, kodwa babuyiselisa amaxhaso okuzihlanganiswa kunye nokuhlawula kokuqala komphendulo. Imininingwane yeeurope yayibuyekezo, bayaziwayo ukuphatha kunye nesintu esingaphambili kwezilungiselelo ze-Schneider Electric njengomkhonto wesiphumo.

Abantu Abaphambili Ebaneyokuqalela i-RMU Enenqanawe Yomdlalo

Iindlela zaseRMU zithiwa ngokuthi zingavamile umsebenzi wabantu abashintsha okufanelelwa nge- energy storage solutions, ngokubanzi nokuhlaba kuhlukezela izinto ezidingekayo esikhatsi sokuqala. Abasebenzisi abashintsha bakhi imibiko yobuso olushesha lokusebenza ukuze bakhe amandla ahlalele ngokuphumelela ukusetyenziswa kwemali yokulula emfulweni. Ngokugcina, iindawo zakahle zisebenzisa imibiko esishesha esishintshwayo njenge-modular switchgear ukuvumela ukusuka kweenergy storage capability ukusukela ukusuka kwemali yokulula yesolar energy battery storage markets. Iindlela ezinethemba zithiwa ukuthi imali yesistimu sokusebenzisa umali uzoba kukhothola, futhi amandla aRMU ngaphandle kwezi sistimi zihamba ngokungcono, okungcono le nto yokuthuthukisa.